STUD  IKS 


\.   .-WIN 


Library'  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Paoific  City. 


A    K.  OWF.V. 


INDEX. 


1'Ai'lKir  Cm       A  Sra  Si«l»'-I'ark    KVMtl*  n<  «•  and  a  Mamifartur 

big  and  Commercial  Center.  A.  l\.  <> I 

AN  «  M  !  \  I  TO  .I.  P.KI  <  K  \V.\LI..\«  i:,  Ks(,).  A.  K.  O ^ 

iVxrn-'it'  ( 'irv  —An  KM  miat»>  of  th<«  M.  ••  i<>  In-  «lrri\r<l  from 

tin-  Salt-  «>l    J.ot-ii  .  s  ;nul  (In-    \}>|>n  priation  of  tin-  Sam<-. 

A.  K.  <> :•• 

THJ  Sn:i:K!s  or  lin;  *  'ITIKS-  <, 7i »/»/•-/>•  ,-  -^civi/ -I 

I'uiiit  c\\\  The  Model  Municipality  of  the  World,  K.  s.  li.  :» 

A  SITDY  Western  Modes  of  City  Management <> 

•in      Its    i'ontrol    Su-^-^t-,    (i.-nn;in    City    Manairr- 

llHTlt.       l.\ 7 

iKh'  CITY     Tin-   Mr,-.1    il.,m«-of  t  !n>  Itnliistrioiis.      Win.  A. 

M  K 

Cuv.  l'\.  Kx 9 

\  i  1  M  \TH  iv  CITY  IM-INT.  K\ 10 

1  \  i  I -.1 .  i;  \ !.  C«  »-*  >i'i.u  \  i  I<  »N.  S.ir.-issii  M.  Mills 11 

T«i  HI  <  OI.OMSTS.  A.  K.  () 12 

A  Ln  ic<»M  !>ii.  WM.  M.  Mi  i. IKK i:< 

A  I.i  ;  o  UJi  Su  1:1  II.KY  ••»•'  IM»MKNTO.  A.  K.  0 14 

A  J.riiiii  n:«»\i  .f.  c.  HKKKIN<;  !•> 


Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


JOHN  W.  LOVKLL. 


Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


Writtiti   hif   my//rx/  /or   M  l.isi,  A   HAND.1 
J'tiMisli.,1  in  i;,,stnii. 


PACIFIC  CITY, 


A  SKA-SIDE-PA HK-HJ-     !  T\       .     \  M)    \    M  A  NTKACIT  KIV  •'    AND    C'>M 

MKUCIAI.  (IN  IT.  1C. 

A    SKi.TCH     I'.Y     A  I  ItKKT    K.    <  >U 


Pacific  Cit^v  has  I  een  laid  outont.h<-  north  sin  >r»-  of  the  Straits 

Of  Joflhua,  Topoktbftnipo  harbor,  Sinai--.  .  M«-xieo.     Tin- Straits  of 

itua  eonn-'etx  TopolobampO  with  Oh'.i-a  hay.     Tlu-sr  two  ha\s 

1   *»MI«  sti  PC  Miiiuiitain  I'M -UIM|   ..mi  rontain  a    wat«T  sur- 

facr  c!  M  s.juai'1'  miles,  with  an  anchorage  of  1^  \-2  s({iiarr  inilr.s 

for  is  drawing  ovrr  ^-"i  fret.     T)i»k  dfpth  of   wat«-r,  at   lo\v 

tiih'.  »»V«T   tin*  har,  at    the   i-ntraiict-.  is  'JO  ft.,  which  is  the  same 

there  <  tic- Kir  in  en.»erin^  H«>stoii  harbor.     TOJKH 

lobanipn  liail»»r   i^    on    the  (Jnlf  of  Talifurnia,    latihnl"   ?•"»     :!'J' 

:nidw.  Q    ^!azatlan  .in. I  Oiiayina^.  is  only  I, (MM) 

mi'       ;      in   ( ialv--st«»n, 'i  •  \.isand  will  }>e,  by  railroail,    one  day 

-ton  than  IM.MOII  is  to  San  Fraii<-is«M». 

I'M  i'i  «  U>  >ite  c,>\  •  rs  an  area  of  29  s^iuare  miles,  wliich  is 
equal  to  that  ol  Manhattan  Island  or  to  N«'\v  York  < 'ity  proper. 
If^  farm  and  park  a»ine\  elvers  about  .MM), 000 acres.  Tlio^enrin^ 

.   i>y    the   founder,  has  JM-en  a  constant 

ly  and  labor  during  nineteen  years  ;  and  the  plan  for  Fac  itie 

City — I  lie  nervations  for  its  tliorou^hfan->.  parks,  eirHes,  eleetrie. 

n  railroads.  <{uays,  5h«>j».  stores,  factoric>s,  ]mblic 

huildii  !nK)ls:ind  private  liouses— has  l>een  approved  by  the 

M.  \i  an   ( Io\. -rninent  :  and  special  an  1  large  conc.vssions   have 

n  the  founder  for  the  puqxisc  of  making  Pacific  City 

immunity  for  private  residences,  sea-side  recreations. 

dm  rMjied   indu  tries  and  extensive  commerce.     The  climate  of 

<  ity  and  its  rieighl>oring  shores  and  bays  is  exceptionally 

ami  health  giving.     The  Winter  is  warmer  and  the  Summer 

,uite  a^  roo^  a->  it    is  at  San  Diego,  California.     Never  have 

persons  enjoyed  better  health  than  have  those  who  have  lived  for 

Library  of  Qongress. 


9  PACIFIC  CITY. 

the  past  five  years  on  the  shores  of  Topolobampo  bay.  There  is 
no  other  such  picturesque  and  enjoyable  l>ay  and  lx>ach  for  Winter 
seaside  pleasures,  where  the  fashion  of  Mexico  and  the  United 
States  can  unite,  as  we  have  at  Topulobampo;  in  fact,  the  Mexican 
Republic  has  no  place  except  Topolol>amix>  where  the  attractions 
are  such  as  to  make  it  acceptable  as  an  ocean-side  Winter  and 
Summer  place  of  recreations  and  greetings.  There  fishing,  yacht- 
ing, surf  bathing,  driving,  etc.,  may  be  indulged  in  with  more 
days  in  the  year  than  at  any  other,  locality  on  our  continent. 
There  the  moonlight  nights  over  mountain**  and  bays,  the  sunset* 
back  of  the  Farallon  de  San  Ignacio,  and  the  varied  and  light 
tints  in  the  sky,  particularly  during  the  Winter,  are  not  equalled, 
probably,  anywhere  else  on  our  globe ;  and  withal,  Topolobampo 
is  nearer  to  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Quebec,  Boston,  New  York,  Wash- 
ington, Li  verjxxd,  London  and  Paris,  than  these  great  centers  of 
population  and  fashion  are  to  San  Francisco.  Pacific  City  holds 
a  unique  and  superior  geographical  position  to  the  trade  currents 
and  winds  of  the  Pacific,  and  is  in  the  pathway  of  the  commerce 
between  the  Occident  and  Orient — in  the  highway  of  that  ex- 
change and  of  that  travel  which  has  planted  a  seat  of  dominion 
wherever  its  voyagers  have  rested  for  a  night  and  wherever  its 
freights  have  broken  bulk  for  a  day. 

The  approval,  by  Mexico,  of  Pacific  City  is  the  first  instance, 
we  believe,  where  a  nation  has  adopted  a  plan  for  a  city,  park 
and  farm  before  a  house  was  constructed  upon  the  site ;  and  it 
will  be  seen,  if  studied,  that  every  step  in  laying  out  Pacific 
City,  and  in  securing  the  beaches  for  bathing,  the  fisheries,  the 
oyster  inlets,  the  bays,  the  shores,  the  islands,  the  park  reserva- 
tions and  the  farming  areas,  has  been  a  careful  and  incessant 
study  and  a  patient  and  persistent  labor,  fraught  with  expenses 
and  difficulties,  for  the  fifth  of  a  century  ;  and  it  is  now  designed 
that  all  shall  be  reserved,  in  toto,  for  the  uses  of  the  citizens  of 
Pacific  City  forever,  and  that  every  detail  of  occupation  and  con- 
struction within  the  limits  of  Pacific  City,  and  on  its  farms,  etc., 
shall  be  a  subject  of  forethought,  order  and  discipline — that  duty, 
method  and  love  shall  go  hand  in  hand  to  make  a  model  place  in 
which  to  live  and  to  be  of  use  to  others  and  to  ourselves. 

Pacific  City  is  to  be  controlled  and  all  its  farms,  bays,  parks, 
fisheries,  etc.,  are  to  IMS  managed  by  a  joint  stock — by  The  Credit 
Foncier  Company,  which  is  incorporated  in  Colorado  and  acts  in 
Mexico  under  sjK*cial  and  comprehensive  charters  granted  by  the 

Library  of  Congress. 
Ow«n.  Pacific  City. 


.     8 

Mexican  Congress.  Never  before  has  there  been  a  city  site  as 
carefully  selected,  as  thoroughly  mapped  and  as  largely  endowed 
by  a  nation  and  by  a  founder  at*  has  been  that  of  Pacific  City. 
The  Credit  Foncier  Company  is  a  business  company  and  it  sur- 
reys, builds  and  policies  Pacific  City  in  a  strict  and  thorough 
business  way  and  after  the  most  approved  plans.  The  company 
aim)  farms  its  own  lands,  digs  its  own  acequius,  and  intends  to 
construct  and  operate  its  own  railroads,  telegraphs,  factories, 
ships  and  stages,  and  to  attend  to  the  insurances,  to  the  ex- 
changes and  to  the  deposits  and  loans  of  its  members. 

Credit  Foncier  means  credit  and  home ;  hence,  The  Credit 
Foncier  Company  is  a  corporation  based  upon  home  labor,  home 
money,  home  virtue,  home  love  and  home  life.  The  underlying 
thought  and  the  fixed  purpose  of  the  promoters  of  The  Credit 
Foncier  Company  is  to  assist  every  resident  member  or  head  of 
family  to  build  and  furnish  a  private,  distinct,  individual, 
luxurious  and  thoroughly  appointed  home.  A  people  well- 
housed,  regularly  and  systematically  employed  and  free  from 
tax,  rent,  tithe  and  mortgage  will  be  a.  God-loving,  an  order- 
doing  and  a  peace-following^people.  A  people  who  are  regularly, 
remuneratively,  agreeably  and  methodically  employed  by  thoir 
own  agents,  in  well  selected  and  useful  industries  which  belong 
to  themselves,  can  be  relied  upon  to  go  in  the  way  of  the  truth, 
the  right  and  the  beautiful. 

The  greatest  statute — that  of  Queen  Elizabeth — was  :  "  Put 
the  people  to  work."  This  is  an '  unalterable  tenet  with  The 
Credit  Foncier  Company,  for  it  guarantees  employment  to  every 
resident  stockholder  upon  his  or  her  own  lands  or  in  his  or  her 
own  shops,  stores,  counting  houses,  telegraph  offices,  schools,  etc., 
etc.  Pacific  City  is  the  only  community  in  the  world  where  all 
kind  of  willing  labor,  skill  and  talent  can  be  at  once  utilized  for 
the  good  of  every  jierson  concerned.  It  is  a  great  pawn  shop, 
where  lalx>r  and  the  product  of  labor  are  accepted  at  once,  and 
where  full  credit  is  given  immediately  for  all  value  received.  Up 
to  the  conception  of  Pacific  City,  labor,  which  ia  the  source  of  all 
wealth  and  of  everything  that  is  worthy  and  great  and  beauti- 
ful, has  been  permitted  in  every  place,  at  all  times,  by  every 
people,  to  go  begging — to  go  floundering  and  blundering  along  in 
a  haphazard  way,  without  a  purix>so  beyond  to-day,  half  starved, 
scantily  clothed,  miserably  sheltered  and  mostly  demoralized — 
on  the  average  only  one  quarter  employed  and,  as  bad  an  that 


Library  of  Congress. 

^ 1   D0*4fM<».  (M+.v. 


4  .  PACTFTC  vrrr. 

was  an.l  is,  oftenrr  occupied  to  create  disorder,  disease  and 
crime  than  for  any  permanent  good.  And  all  because  society 
has  never  l*»fore  been  incorporated  to  direct  its  people  how  to 
work  and  to  show  them  a  correct  way  to  live.  But  in  Pacific 
City  the  moment  labor  is  ready  and  offered,  it  is  accepted  to  per- 
fect some  detail  in  a  plan  which  is  fixed  and  which  is  of  some 
substantial  benefit  to  every  person  concerned. 

There  can  not  Ion-  !>••  an  idle  resident  member  in  Pacific 
City.  If  a  person  will  not  do  one  thing  he  or  she  will  be  assisted 
to  do  another.  Not  to  <1«  •  anything  is  to  be  stupid,  Where  every- 
one in  authority  is  re,uly  and  ^lad  and  able  to  assist  anyone,  at 
all  times,  in  every  way,  there  can  not  be  an  excuse  for  anyone  not 
to  engage  himself  or  her^-lf,  during  working  hours,  in  some  line 
of  useful  employment  laid  out  to  be  done  by  those  who  are  in 
charge.  Hence,  there  ran  not  be  a  poor  person  in  Pacific  City, 
for  occupation  will  be  certain  to  bring  its  cash  payment  on  th»- 
execution  of  the  task.  There  will  not  be,  at  any  time,  for  any 
purpose  or  for  any  person  any  cause  for  alms  or  charity ;  for  the 
company,  from  its  puhlie  funds,  insures  every  resident  stockholder 
in  case  of  accident,  old  age,  illness,  fire,  flood,  cyclone,  etc.,  etc.; 
and  that,  too,  without  ever  taking  a  direct  contribution  of  one  cent 
from  any  person. 

The  Credit  Fourier  Company  practically,  systematically  and 
with  equity  separates  "  what  is  mine  from  what  is  thine."  It 
guards,  as  sacred,  the  private  properties  of  its  citizens  and  holds, 
in  trust,  for  the  use  of  all  its  stockholders,  and  forever,  all  its 
puhlie  properties.  The  home  is  the  private  property  of  the  indi- 
vidual, as  are  the  private  carriage,  the  pleasure  boat,  the  bicycle, 
the  sewing  machine,  etc.,  etc.:  but  tho  land,  the  streets,  the 
water  supplies,  fuel,  gas,  electric  lights  and  powers,  tramways, 
manufactures,  exchanges,  etc.,  lioKmg  to  the  citizen  stockholders 
in  common  ;  just  as  a  railroad  its  stations,  rights  of  way,  bridges, 
hotels,  restaurants,  telegraph  ai  -phone  lines,  electric  lights, 

liine  sho])R,  water  supplies,  ferry  boats,*  etc.,  belong;  in  com- 
mon, to  the  stockholders  of  the  railroad  company;  and  not  any- 
one of  the  properties  can  be  alienated  by  any  one  of  the  stock- 
holders or  by  the  oomitany.  All  construction,  decorating,  etc.,  in 
Pacific  City  will  be  carried  on  by  The  Credit  Foncier  Company, 
just  again  as  a  railroad  company  does ;  but  private  houses  will  be 

*The  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company  own*  and  run*  srrwU  steamships, 
and  Th«  New  York  Central  Railroad  Company  baa  hoepitata,  libraries  and 
gymnasium*  /^ 

Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Paolfie  C 


PACIFIC!  CITY.  5 

built  in  accordance  with  tin*  plan  and  at  the  cost  of  the  sto<  k 
holders  who  wish  to  oreupy  the  (tame.  The  house  can  n -ver  !>•• 
Bold,  mortgaged,  rented  or  a'ienated  from  Hit-  company  ;  but  it  is 
tli*'  property  of  the  one  who  ordi-rs  it  built— for  hi*  or  her  own 
use  for  life,  and  it  may  go  to  It  is  or  her  heir,  pmr'uliinj  that  said 
heir  is  a  stockholder  and  wishes  to  live  iti  the  same;  otherwise 
the  rost  of  the  same  will  IHJ  paid  by  the  company  to  tho  waid  heir. 
Absenteeism  rannot  IK- i>ermitt»>d  in  |'a«-ilic  City.  i'erHons  who 
do  not  have  a  residence  within  the  «  ity  cannot,  in  anyway,  t>e 
jK'rmitted  to  mar  tho  livee  and  j»uriM>s<-H  of  those  who  do;  nor  ran 
a  |H'i>,on  live  inside-  of  Paeitic  City  and  Hcnd  his  earnings  to 
another  who  lives  outside  of  the  city;  for  to  do  so  would  he  to  do 
just  what  the'Chineso  do  when  they  roue  to  the  United  States  to 
supjxjrt  their  relatives  in  China.  In  case  a  householder  wishes 
U>  go  away  permanently,  or  to  remove  to  another  house*  upon 
any  projierty  controlled  by  the  company,  the  company  pays  him 
or  her  for  the  hou>e  and  lot-use,  whi<  h  he  or  she  <|iiits,  the  price 
'.'tjual  to  the  exact  amount  that  he  or  she  paid  the  company  for 
the  Kline,  to  the  driving  of  the  bust  nail  or  to  the  painting  of  the 
smallest  door.  that  and  not  a  <•»•/*/  A-.xy  ii.or  a  cent  murf.  There  is 
no  K| M 'dilation  from  first  to  last  in  1'acitic  (  ity;  and,  as  all  con- 
struction, etc.,  is  performed  by  the  company,  the  public  books 
will  show  to  the  last  cent  the  co.-vl  of  everything  done  U]H>n  each 
and  every  proj>erty  wiihin  the  city  and  UJMUI  its  annex  hinds,  etc. 
Tho  uneariiexi  iiu-rement  ever  n«mains,  by  this  plan,  with  the 
community.  Tho  citizens,  in  their  entirety,  created  it;  and  to 
the  citizens,  in  their  entirety,  it  will  remain  and  for  all  time. 

The  Credit  Foncier  Company  sells  to  its  members  the  -nxcx  of 
Pacific  City  resident  lots  in  ten  (10)  series.  The  minimum 
resident  lot  is  23  x  150  ft,  There  am  48  lots  in  a  block  of  600  x  :t<H) 
ft.  The  first  series  will  contain  6<H*  resident  lot-uses.  These  will 
IK>  sold  for  $10  (gold)  eachf,  and  any  meml>er  who  is  going  to 
build  can  select  any  lot  unoccupied  anywhere  within  the  limits 
of  Pacific  City  ;  but  no  member  can  .select  and  hold  his  or  her 

*  A  im*mlxT  cannot  r»-nt  his  or  h^r  house,  at  any  time,  to  anyone.    The  rn><lit 

Company  i«  l»as*-»l  ui>-m  tli««  principle  of  having  ev*»rv  r«-si«l«»nt  tnenifHT 

«>»\  t»  Jii.s  or  lierown  li-Mise.     wt  know  that •  auion>;  the  2,000,000  people  who  lire 

in  N««\v  York  ami  Brooklyn  tliert-  ur«*  only  H.IKMI  bou«e-owneni;  but  we  do  not 

to  risk  OBTU futures"  with  a  tenement   |><>j>M!.v(ion  any  more  than  we  do 

our  li\es  with  a  tenant  class  of  fanners.     IV-oplr  who  wish  to  r**nt  houses  had 

ay  in  the  United  States,  or  go  to  London.    Rents  are  cot  permitted  in 

rueifle  City. 

1'roiaoiera  can  hold  shares,  however,  without  being  required  to  buy  lot  uses, 
t  A  person  has  to  buy  as  many  shares  in  The  Credit  Fourier  ( 'oinpany  as  ho 
or  sh«.-  bu)  s  lotruseu  in  Pacific  City.    The  shares  are  always  $10  (gold). 


Library  of  Congress. 


0  PACIFIC  CITY. 

lot  before  he  or  she  is  ready  to  build.  A  person  can,  however, 
buy  a  lot-use  in  the  first  gericu  and  can  have  a  yar  to  select  ami 
build  his  or  her  homo,  aft*«r  which  time,  if  the  ftuid  lot-use  M  not 
Detected,  the  company  has  the  option  to  call  in  the  tuiid  Jot  u*e  at 
the  price  it  sold  the  same,  so  that  it  can  sell  to  some  memlx»r  who 
will  use  the  same.  The  second  series  will  contain  500  lot-uses, 
and  each  will  be  sold  for  J|20  ;  the  third  series  will  contain  500 
lot-usos,  and  each  will  bo  sold  for  $40  ;  and  so  on,  each  series  of 
500  lot-uses  doubling  in  price  up  to  and  including  the  8th.  This 
will  use  4,000  lots,  give  us  a  population  of  1C, 000,  if  we  allow  four 
IKTsons  to  a  house*,  and  will  put  $l,275,000f  into  the  City  Treas- 
ury. The  price  which  will  be  asked  for  the  96,000  lot-uses  which 
will  be  divided  iu  the  ninth  and  tenth  series — 4S,000  lots  each — 
we  have  not  yet  settled  ii|»on  ;  but  it  will  bo  such  as  to  put  at 
least  $200,000,000  into  the  City  Treasury  ;  and  yet  the  choice  of 
any  lot  not  occupied  will  never  cont  more  than  $2,500,  even  when 
our  population  is  from  three  to  four  hundred  thousand.  Fifty 
cents  from  every  dollar  paid  into  the  City  Treasury  goes  to  im- 
prove the  streets,  parks  ami  quays  ;  to  pay  off  the  debt  of  $300,- 
000  which  remains  on  the  city  site  and  the  adj:vceiit  lands  ;  to 
put  in  water-works,  electric  tramways,  lights  and  powers;  to 
build  public  theatres,  meeting-houses,  market  houses,  hotels, 
Turkish-Russian  baths,  restaurants,  etc. ,  etc.  ;  and  the  revenues 
from  all  these,  each  in  its  turn  and  perpetually,  will  go  into  the 
City  Treasury  ;  and  in  part,  say  at  least  50  per  rent.,  will  be  used 
for  insurances,  hospitals,  free  Itvtures,  free  educations,  free  baths, 
free  libraries,  free  entertainments,  free  music,  free  flowers,  etc. 
Hence,  we  may  see  that  by  controlling  a  city  site  in  a  thorough 
business  way,  and  by  making  the  resident  lot-uses  a  basis  for  city 
revenue,  that  every  other  necessary  and  "desirable  public  work, 
structure  and  convenience  may  be  provided  for  upon  the  most 
munificent  plan  and  in  the  most  minute  detail ;  and,  at  the 
same  time,  that  everything  of  a  public  character  can  be  paid  for 


*  Boston  hag  58,6<59  houses,  and  in  each  then'  are,  on  an  average.  H..*i3  per- 
sons. New  York  City  shelters  18.32,  Brooklyn  U.HU,  Chicago  8.00  and  Phila- 
delphia r>.60  persons  to  each  houae. 


+  How  thi.s  may  be  used,  see  "An  Open  Letter"  to  .T.  Bruce  Wallace,  Esq., 
page  19;  and  for  other  information,  relating  to  The  C?redit  Foncier  Company 

leant  by  sending  $1.00  to  Mr.  John  W, 
and  asking  for  the  publications,  maps. 


|WVK*^  in,  ami   tin    iniirr   luiormui  1011,  IT-I» 

and  its  doings  in  Sinaloa,  person*  may  learn  by  sending  $1.00  to  Mr.  John  W, 
Tx>well.  Wi  Nassau  smt-t.  New  Y<  rk  Ci.y, 
etc.,  of  The  C'rtdit  Fonckrr  Company. 

Library  of  Congress. 


PACIFIC  CITY.  7 

without  the  necessity  of  "  a  single  tax"  of  an  income  tax,  or  of 
any  other  tax,  rent,  tithe,  mortgage  or  discount. 

It  must  be  plain,  even  to  the  blind,  that  when  the  citizens 
pay  for  water-urn*,  lot- uses,  tramway  service,  electric  lighta, 
meals  at  the  public  restaurants,  to  hear  a  public  ojx'ra,  etc.,  etc., 
they  i>ay  for  a  direct  service  rendered  ;  but  in  Pacific  City,  in- 
stead of  these  revenues  going  into  the  pockets  of  a  few  who  have 
gotten  special  numoiHilies  to  build,  own  and  operate,  for  their 
own  aggrandizement*,  these  public  conveniences  aud  absolute 
necessities  in  every  other  city  in  the  world,  the  said  revenues  go 
into  the  public  fund  or  City  Treasury  and  are  used  over  and  over 
again  in  payment  of  public  works,  benefits  and  adornments, 
etc.,  etc. 

As  all  buildings,  private  and  public,  and  every  manner  and 
class  of  work  In  the  city  and  on  the  railroads  and  in  the  ships  of 
The  Credit  Foncier  Company  are  to  be  done  by  the  company,  the 
company  will  )>e  the  only  employer,  and  everything  will  l>e 
finished  and  furnished  with  an  idea  to  its  use  and  in  ft  with  a  view 
of  making  a  profit ;  hence,  everything  will  be  delivered  to  resi- 
dent members  at  first  cost,  and  no  '  boss  contractor"  or  middle- 
man will  be  permitted.  The  architects,  surveyors  and  plumbers 
will  bo  of  the  best,  and  each  expert  will  be  paid  a  salary  and  will 
be  held  personally  responsible  for  all  work  intrusted  to  them. 
By  the  company  becoming  the  sole  employer,  there  will  not  be 
any  contracts  between  persons,  excepting  the  marriage  contract ; 
and  hence  there  will  be  no  need  for  attorneys,  save  the  one  to  ad- 
vise the  company  in  all  legal  matters  in  its  dealings  with  outside 
persons  and  with  other  companies.  And  as  the  company  does  all 
the  buying,  with  a  view  to  felling  again,  there  will  be  no  such 
thing  needed  as  a  corner  grocer,  merchant,  commissioner,  agent, 
broker  or  drummer  in  Pacific  City  at  any  time  or  under  any  cir- 
cumstances; and  in  this  way  everything  wished  for  can  be 
bought  by  company  experts  at  wholesale  prices  and  can  be 
retailed  to  resident  stockholders  at  wholesale  cost,  and  the  profit 
made  from  outside  sales  can  go  into  the  City  Treasury. 

When  a  plan  is  started  right  and  is  sufficiently  comprehensive 
to  embrace  and  to  deal  justly. with  society  as  a  whole,  every  step 
made  supports  the  next  step  to  be  taken.  By  selling  the  lot-uses 
in  series  of  500  at  the  same  price  and  giving  the  choice  of  the  lot 
to  the  first  who  builds,  Pacific  City  will  grow  rapidly,  more  so 
than  any  other  city  ever  did,  and  at  the  same  time  it  will 

I  Library  of  Congress. 


8  PACIFIC*  CTTY. 

grow  compactly  and  regularly  from  a  common  center;  for  man 
Ix-iiitf  an  associative  creature  he  will  luiild  on  the  lot  next  to  his 
friv  nil's  houae  when  he  can  get  it  for  the  same  pri< •«•  In-  c:in  the 
lot  a  mile  away.  When  one  row  of  house*  is  complete,  the  next 
iiiont  valuahle  lota  are  those  directly  in  front;  and  when  two  rows 
fronting  each  other  are  complete,  the  Htreet  running  l>etw«'«  n 
them  will  IK.»  put  in  tho  most  approved  order;  all  animals  will  !M.» 
exclude<l,*  shade  and  ilower  areas  will  occupy  three-fifths  of  the 
total  area  and  a  closed  fence,  with  a  gate,  will  he  put  at  each 
end.  The  fences  will  IK*  p-  irtahle  and  be  moved  as  the  street  ex- 
tends.  Ami  in  this  way  <  leunlincss,  flowers,  shade,  grass,  order 
and  home  life  will  l>e  the  rule  from  the  first;  and  in  the  ahsence 
of  horse*  and  loaded  wagons  the  streets  oiK-e  put  in  order  will 
remain  so  for  a  generation. 

Gentlemen  in  our  citi«-*j  now-a-days  cannot  have  the  con- 
veniences hy  acting  ajwirt  and  individually,  HO  they  associate  or 
club  together  and  IHJO!  their  money  to  hire  labor  and  skill  to 
m;ike  luxurious  and  palatial  club  houses,  and  thereby  enjoy 
elegant  surroundings  and  benefits  which  the  crown  heads  of 
EurojN'  cannot  excel  and  do  not  often  equal.  Why  then  should 
not  the  men  and  women  from  all  sections  of  the  world  pool  their 
labor,  skill,  talent,  money,  and  make  club-residences  in  one 
grand  sea-side  i»ark  city  on  Toi>olol»anipo  bay  ?  Why  should  not 
life  be  made  sweet,  clean,  regular,  secure  and  cultured  in  its 
home  surroundings  by  incorjx  rating  to  build  a  city  upon  a  fixed 
and  lx  autitul  plan?  This  is  the  age  of  associated  efforts.  It  is 
the  period  of  incorporated  companies,  syndicates  and  trusts. 
Why  cannot  those  who  -believe  that  within  man  good  intentions 
predominate,  and  who  wish  peace  and  quiet  and  elegance  to  sur- 
round them,  make  a  trust  big  enough  to  comprehend  a  commun- 
ity, having  everything  which  is  desirable  and  beautiful  and  in 
good  form?  Andrew  Carnegie  says  that  the  most  important 
lesson  he  learned  in  the  art  of  money  getting  was  that:  "  It  ittnt 
the  man  who  doe*  the  trvrk  who  makes  thr  money,  it  is  the  man 
irho  get*  other  men  to  rf<>  it."  Now,  in  integral  co-operation,  every 
man  and  woman  not  only  get  absolutely  everything  that  they 
earn  themselves,  but  being  stockholders  in  every  public  work — 
their  stock  representing  as  it  will  the  gas,  water,  electricity, 


•  Bicycle*,  tricyclea.  parlor  tdcatea,  electric  carriajfe*  driven  by  storage 
batterieH,  will  IH«  th*  order  of  the  «luy  as  th»-y  are  now  wh««rvv*-r  the  niadwavs 
are  «wch  as  to  permit  them  to  be  uued  by  women,  children  and  men  on  wheels. 


;  Library  of  Congress. 


CITY.  0 

bank,  produce  exchange,  insurance,  street  ejir  service,  manu- 
facturing, whoie>ale  and  retail  stores,  theatres,  hotels,  etc.,  etc. — 
tl ley  will  get  di\  idends  from  a  hundred  different  sou ret -H" which 
in  all  other  communities  are  moiu>i>olized  by  a  few  non-pro- 
ducing ex}-  its;  anil  hence,  in  Pacific  City  we  will  find  that  Mr. 
Carnegie'*  great  lesson  in  the  art  of  getting  wealth  will  be  enjoyed 
by  every  man  and  woman  because  they  have  learned  how  to 
associate  in  such  a  way  as  to  get  every  other  man  and  woman 
and  ail  the  machines  and  inventions  in  the  community  to  work 
for  them. 

In  The  Credit  Foncier  Com|>any  woman  holds  stork,  votes 
and  is  eligible  to  office  or  public;  trust  the  same  as  man.  She 
holds  her  projHTty  in  her  own  name,  receives,  de|x>sits  and  lines 
her  own  money,  selects  her  own  (X'cuj>ation  and  its  to  all  intente 
and  purposes  as  independent  of  man  as  man  is  of  her.  There  has 
never  been  a  moral  community  where  woman  has  been  ami 
is  dci>endent  upon  man  for  her  money,  home  and  usefulness  ;  and 
we  trust  that  by  making  her  mutually  independent  with  man  in 
all  the  walks,  duties  and  responsibilities  of  life,  that  we  will  at 
last  see  woman  in  her  true  and  noble  self — free,  intelligent  and 
in  the  lead.  We  contend  that  when  the  woman  is  encouraged 
and  supix>rted  to  take  the  lead  in  the  moral  and  spiritual  and 
home  life,  that  she  will  influence  society  through  and  through 
with  correct  thought,  sinccie  purpose  and  re-lined  acts.  In  Pacific 
City  a  woman  will  have  all  the  rights  that  a  man  has  and  three 
more — the  right  to  the  first  choice  of  occupation,  the  right  by 
courtesy  to  the  best  seat  and  reserved  place,  and  the  privilege  of 
the  doubt.  Again,  while  it  is  man's  duty  to  work  eight  hours 
during  six  days  each  week,  it  is  the  privilege  of  woman  to  work 
only  six  hours  during  five  days.  After  we  get  our  machinery 
well  started  and  methodically  organized,  man  need  not  work 
more  than  six,  and  woman  more  than  four  hours  each  working 
day  ;  for  mechanics,  chemistry  and  electricity  will  yet  take  from 
man  and  woman  all  the  drudgery  and  heavy  burdens  of  produc- 
tion. There  can  not  be  a  cultured  people  where  there  are  not 
hours  of  elegant  leisure  every  day  under  refined  and  varied  in- 
fluences ;  hence,  as  home  industries  are  more  and  more  diversified 
and  articles  of  finished  manufacture  are  nearer  and  nearer  per- 
fected in  a  thoroughly  appointed  community,  leisure  and  books 
and  music  and  flowers  and  entertainments  will  become  more  and 
more  within  the  power  of  those  who  discipline  their  lives  to 


Library  of  Congress, 


PACIFIC  CITY. 

habits  of  industry  under  one  comprehensive  management  of  city, 
farm,  factory  and  exchange. 

It  is  the  wanted  momenta,  the  destruction  of  materials,  the 
misdirected  labors,  the  ruined  lives  which  mark  the  decadence 
of  a  people.  Our  existing  no-system,  for  nobody,  at  no  time,  in 
no  place  is  having  its  fruits.  We  hope  to  show  how  to  arrest  this 
tendency  of  our  race  which  is  now  sliding  on  the  down  grade  to 
l»erdition.  By  means  of  integral  co-operation,  such  an  is  to  IK* 
practiced  in  Pacific  City,  there  cannot  be  any  lalx>r  misdirected 
or  any  material  wasted,  for  everything  that  is  done  t)elongH  to 
a  fixed  and  carefully  matured  plan  and  every  kind  of  service 
offered  is  at  once  utilized,  and  waste  paper,  old  rags,  txmes, 
refuse  matter,  sewerage,  etc.,  are  preserved  and  utilized  again 
and  Again  ;  and  there  cannot  be  any  life  ruined  because  of  evil 
surroundings,  for  saloons,  gambling  dens,  dives,  women  of  ques- 
tionable  occupation,  horse  racing,  cock-fighting,  betting,  stock 
jobbing,  brokerage,  games  of  chance,  ••  futures,"  stock  ex- 
changes and  such  like  pernicious  practices  and  places  cannot 
exist  within  our  jurisdiction.  There  will  not  be  any  way  possible 
for  a  non-producing  class  of  any  sort  to  survive  with  us.  I^abor 
will  be  the  foundation  of  our  aristocracy.  Those  who  will  not 
work  will  not  be  allowed  to  play.  Persons  who  try  to  live  by 
their  wits  with  us  will  not  have  a  pleasant  experience. 

Every  adult  of  twenty  or  more  years  who  lives  in  Pacific 
City  has  to  be  a  stockholder  in  The  Credit  Foncier  Company,  and 
before  he  or  she  goes  to  the  colony  he  or  she  has  to  take  out  a 
permit  and  to  sign  a  pledge  that  he  or  she  approves  of  the 
principles,  will  co-operate  to  carry  out  the  purposes  and  will 
abide  by  the  by-laws  of  the  company.  There  is  no  restriction  as 
to  the  nationality  of  the  applicant ;  but  it  is  expected  that  only 
educated  and  skilled  persons  will  be  intelligent  and  sufficiently  in 
funds  to  take  advantage  of  the  privileges  offered  by  The  Credit 
Foncier  Company,  for  all  resident  r  lembers  have  to  be  able  to 
read  the  principles,  to  sign  the  pledge  and  to  pay  their  travelling 
expenses  to  our  settlements. 

The  directors  are  ten  (10)  and  are  elected  by  the  stock  in  the 
same  way  as  are  the  directors  of  a  railroad,  gas,  water  or  other 
joint-stock  company,  except  that  a  stockholder  cannot  vote  for 
himself,  nor  can  anyone  vote  ix-rmanently  more  than  the  shares 
which  correspond  to  the  number  of  building  lots  he  or  she  im- 
proves in  Pacific  City.  There  are  48  lots  in  a  block  of  4.15  acres, 

Library  of  Congress. 

Pacific  Citv. 


PACIFIC  CITY.  11 

and  a  block  Is  the  limit  which  any  ono  person  may  permanently 
occupy  in  Pacific  Tity.  To  hold  these  lot-uses,  or  any  nuinlxT  of 
them,  one  must  improve  and  live  ui>on  the  same  a  part  of  each 
year.  In  all,  The  Credit  Fonder  Company  issues  KM), 000  shares 
of  ten  (10)  dollars  each,  and  each  share  corresponds  with  a  build- 
ing lot  in  Pacific  City.  There  are  15,000  shares  of  said  sUx-k 
offered  to  the  promoters  of  the  enterprise.  These  HhareB  may  IM» 
taken  simply  as  an  investment  by  )M>rsons,  who  wish  to  advance 
the  objects  of  the  company  but  who  have  no  idea  of  going  to 
Pacific  City  to  live,  or  by  colonists  an  it  may  be.  Up  to  this  date 
(June  1,  1892)  there  has  been  sold  5,907  of  these  shares.  The 
fcC>,000  remaining  shares  of  The  Credit  Foncier  Company  are,  to  l>e 
sold  only  to  persona  who  intend  to  settle  in  Paci tic  City.  After 
all  the  shares  are  sold,  the  company  has  the  right  to  call  in  the 
shares  held  by  the  promoters  who  do  not  wish  to  reside  in  Pacific 
City,  paying  f«>r  the  same  ten  (H>)  dollars,  plus  the  dividends 
earned,  so  that  the  same  may  be  .sold,  at  the  price  paid  by  the. 
company,  to  persons  who  do  wish  to  reside  in  the  colony.  The 
directors  organize  the  Board  by  electing  a  chairman,  secretary 
and  treasurer  from  among  themselves,  and  the  chairman  aj>- 
points  himself  and  each  of  tin*  other  directors  to  be  the  executive 
head  of  a  special,  distinct,  <  o-ordinate,  yet  an  inter-dependent, 
department.  The  d*  partmen*  are  ten  (10)  and  as  follows  ^ 

I.— Detriment  of  deposits,  loans,  insurance  and  the  ways 
and  means  of  payment. 

II.  Department  of  surveys,  bridge**,  improvements,  streets, 
parks,  wharves,  etc. 

I II.  -  I >epa it ment  of  law,  arbitration  and  registration. 

IV. -Department  of  employment  of  motors,  powers,  light 

and  h< 

V.     |  >,  p-rtmeni  of  poli. -e.  tire,  sewage  and  public  cleanliness. 

VI. — Department  of  t  raiisjioi  tat  ion  and  communication. 

\  II.—  J Department  of  diveiMiicaikm  and  perfection  of  em- 
ployments and  .settlements. 

VIII.--Department  of  social  science,  education,  amusements 
and  baths. 

IX.  —  IVpartment  of    agriculture,   forestry,   game  and   fish 
culture  and  preservation. 

X.  Department  of   medicine   and  surgery,  pharmacy,  hy- 
giene, supplies  and  con nui>>a rial. 


Library  of  Congress 


12  pAnrrc  CITY. 

Under  each  department  there  will  be  sub-department*,  nn<l 

the  head  of  each  of  tin •->«•  Mih-di-partments  will  U-  it^|M»nsihle  f  «>r 
If!  t  lv  done  under  hint  «>r  her  an<l  \vill  re|H>rt  at  the  end  of  cadi 
week,  or  the  end  of  CMTV  contract  or  tank,  to  the  director  of  de- 
partment, and  the  director  oi  d< -partment  will  re|H>rt  on  the  last 
day  ol  each  month  to  the  chairman  of  the  Hoard,  and  th»^  chair- 
man of  the  Board  will  report  each  quarter  to  the  shareholders, 
resident  and  foreign. 

Tlio  company  l»eiiig  the  sole  employer,  every  resident  mem- 
l>er  is  employed  only  by  his  or  her  own  agent  or  director,  who 
aots  as  an  adviser  and  a*«istant  rather  than  an  a  sii]M'rint«-rulent. 
It  is  the  interest  of  the  stockholders,  theirfore,  t<;  e!«H't  for 
directors  Uiose  from  among  themselves  -who  liavv  had  the  nioHt 
husitiess  experience  and  v  ho  are  worthy  of  full  confidence  as 
business  and  moral  persons.  It  is  n -cognized  by  us  that  "the, 
fittest  man  (or  woman)  for  a  particular  p<*t  is  not  always  the 
l»est  fellow  or  the  most  agreeable,"  for  it  is  <  apacity  and  correct 
life  only  that  govern  in  joint-stork  companies.  Political  methods 
do  not  in  any  way  enter  into  the  autonomy  of  Pacific  City,  and 
hence  the  fact  that  "jmrity  in  justifies  i»  on  iridescent  dream" 
need  not,  in  the  least,  worry  us  who  have  decided  to  make  a  new 
departure  in  city  government  and  to  keep  its  management  aloof 
from  town  meetings,  stump  orations  and  slum  influences. 

Each  resident  niemb<-r  is  paid  for  just  what  he  or  she  pro- 
duces or  does  at  the  time  he  or  she  delivers  the  product  or  renders 
the  service,  and  the  price  paid  is  that  which  was  contracted  to 
be  paid  by  the  company  Ix'fore  the  work  was  entered  upon.  The 
ways  and  means  of  jmyment,  within  the  comjKiny,  is  based  111*011 
the  exchange  of  services — one  service  offsetting  another  service. 
This  is  the  adjustment  of  equivalents  by  means  of  a  clearing 
house  where  all  accounts  are  rendered  by  credits  and  <b'hits.  By 
the  erettft  and  di'hit  system  of  accounts  kept  by  the  Bank  of 
Venice,  the.  Venetians  were  facilitated  in  their  exchanges  during 
the  centuries  that  that  Republic  ruled  the  Mediterranean  ami 
•  In  t  a  t«-d  to  the  commerce  of  the  world;  and  these  credit*,  let  it 
be  remembered,  were  always  at  a  premium  over  "  the  gold 
ilncats"  so  fanums  for  tin  ir  coin  rulm:  Hy  the  credit  and  dtbit 
•t« -m  all  that  a  inemU-r  earns  is  ert-dit>.'d  t-)  him  or  to  her,  and 
all  that  h<-  or  she  coioumes  »»r  u>«-s  from  the  company's  store,  for 
his  or  her  <»\\  n.  is  di-biti-d  against  him  or  her.  What  can  be  more 
trimph — what  nearer  jnstr  Alter  ail,  is  it  not  the  t*'r\i<''.s  of 

Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Paoific  City. 


/MC/A7C  CITY. 

others  that  we  all  want  in  exchange  fur  the  service**  wo 
Does  anyone,  who  thinks  seriously  ii|»on  tho  subject,  have  any 
i»i«-a  th.it  it  is  gold,  silver  or  paj»er  money  that  we  need  to  rat,  t«» 
P  upon,  to  shelter  ourselves  with,  or  to  transj>ort  ourselves 
in?  By  the  credit  and  debit  system,  tervice  becomes  the  sole 
/»•*/«»/  tender  in  Pacific  City,  and,  hence,  labor,  which  iw  the  source 
of  all  \\ealth,  Iwcomea  the  sole  basis  for  all  exchange.  IH  this 
not  right?  IH  thin  nut  Christian?  By  this  ways  ami  means  for 
the  adjustment  of  accounts  a  person  gets  just  what  is  his  or  her 
due  and  at  just  the  time  it  is  due  and  without  disc  omit,  discom- 
fort, distress,  discord  or  disaster;  and  tho  person  who  does  not 
work  haw  not  any  tiling  to  exchange  for  the  products  of  tho.v 
who  do  work.  Christians  who  have1  been  taught  to  belie \  «•  in  the 
righteousness  of  giving  "ft  tooth  fora  tooth  and  i»n  eye  for  an 
eye"  will  not* have  to  strain  their  consciences  much  to  see  that 
t  he  re  is  equity  in  giving  a  service  for  a  service. 

If  "  the  love  of  money  is  the  root  of  all  evil,"  then  why  should 
( liristians  have  money?  If  we  believe  that  St.  Paul  was  inspire.  1, 
then  why  not  be  guided  by  what  he  enjoins  and  make  it  our  rule 
that:  *nv  who  do  not  work  wither  tthall  ye.  etit."  We  take  it  that 
a  divine  command  is  for  all  time.  If  the  teachings  of  St.  Paul 
are  not  accepted  truth,  then  why  does  the  Church  forever  preach 
him?  Let  us  be  honest.  Let  us  see  if  we  cannot  put  some  of  the 
Christian  teachings  into  practice.  And,  again,  when  the  credit 
<ih>l  debit  system  is  once  put  into  general  practice  there  will  be 
an  end  to  cashiers  and  hank  presidents,  et  al.,  running  away  with 
the  d*  jKteite  of  the  depositors.  "The  American  Colony  in  ( 'anada" 
will  never  have  a  recruit  from  our  "first  families"  after  this 
tem  is  used;  credits  cannot  be  stolen. 

St.xkholders  can  deposit,  in  the  company's,  bank,  Mexican 
dollars,  United  States  money,  British  sovereigns,  company 
«  red  its,  etc.,  etc.,  and  can  cluck  against  the  game  at  any  time 
and  ^et  just  exactly  what  they  deposited.  Not  any  interest  will 
IK-  given  nor  any  charge  1*'  made;  or  stockholders  may  invest,  at 
tiieir  own  option,  with  the  company  in  any  public  work,  such  as 
is  building;  for  instance,  in  electric  lights,  street  car  lines,  electric 
washing  machines,  etc.,  etc,,  to  the  maximum  amount  of  25  per 
eent.  of  the  entire  cost  of  the  same,  and  they  may  enjoy  profits 
«>r  -ulFer  losses,  as  it  may  l>e,  pro  rata,  with  the  company.  The 
company  owoiiniges  memU-rs  to  invest  their  credits,  etc.,  Upon 
a  prolit  sharing  basin,  but  does  not  j>eniiit  interest  or  discount 

Library  of  Congress. 


It  P.U7/7C  CITY. 

within  its  jurisdiction.  If  a  resident  st«M -k  holder  haH  credits  at 
the  company's  bank  and  wishes  to  go  to  New  York,  Guidon, 
Paris,  or  elsewhere,  he  or  she  will  take  a  l<tf<'r  of  credit  upon  the 
outside  hank  with  which  the  company's  hank  does  its  business, 
just  as  a  traveller  does  now  in  going  from  one  country  to  another. 
letter*  of  credit  are  the,  world's  money.  There,  in  no  other.  Coins 
of  one  country  are  never  carried  by  business  men,  l>et  ween  coun- 
tries. Of  course  the  company's  bank  has  to  have  a  credit  trith 
on  oiitxide  Ixtnk  befdre  this  can  be  done.  The  sooner  we  get  to 
manufacturing  and  railroading  the  sooner  this  will  to  brought 
about. 

It  may  seem  a  little  strange  to  the  readers  of  Lend  a  Hand 
that  our  colonists,  who  do  not  wish  to  be  considered  as  toing 
under  the  instructions  of  any  established  church,  should  IK' the 
only  persons  in  Christendom  who  are  incorjyorated  to  deal  jnxtly 
and  kindly  one  trith  the  other  and  to  we  that  Christ's  commfind: 
"He  ye  friends''9  is  put  into  practice  in  their  every  day  life. 
However,  be  this  as  it  may,  it  does  not  alter  the  fact  that  "  all 
who  invest  in  good  deeds  here  and  now  will  IK?  sure  to  cut  coupons 
in  the  sweet  by  and  by." 

The  promoters  of  Pacific  City  believe  in  doing  good  for  the 
sake  of  the  good  which  must  follow  every  good  act,  and  not  for 
the  hoi»e  of  receiving  a  reward  here  or  hereafter.  This  is  not 
orthodoxy,  we  know,  but  it  may  have  some  merit,  nevertheless. 
<  Mir  purpose  is  to  live  a  moral  and  religious  life  in  accordance 
with  the  l>est  acts  and  teachings  of  the  most  cultured  {MTsoris, 
ancient  and  modern,  pagan  and  Christian.  We  do  not  intend  to 
inculcate  into  the  minds  of  the  young  that  any  one  church  has 
a  tnono]M>ly  of  all  the  truth.  We  believe  that  the  Jews  are  pre- 
sumptuous when  they  claim  that  God  made  his  revelations  alone 
to  them,  and  that  He  created  and  left  the  millions,  who  had 
lived  and  worked  and  worshiped  and  died  before  the  Jews  ex- 
isted, to  suffer  through  all  eternity.  We  believe  that  l>oth  the 
Jews  and  the  Christians  might  learn  a  good  deal  that  is  divine 
and  good  and  useful  if  they  would  listen  to  what  (iod  has  said  to 
others  ;  for  instance,  it  was  (rod  speaking  through  Lueretia  Mott 
when  she  said  :  ••  I^et  us  hare  truth  for  authority  and  not 
authority  far  truth."  It  was  an  expression  of  God's  own  will 
when  William  H.  Seward  stretched  his  bund  over  the  l"nit«-d 
States  Senate  and  said  :  4i  The  lair  of  humanity  /.s  iniyhtier  than 
hitman  constitution*— the  law  for  the  elevation  of  man,  is  the 


Library  of  Congress. 


/'.U'/fVr  CITY.  IB 

We  hold   that  "Sunday  is  the  golden  clasp  that 

hinds  to^-t iher  tin*  volume  of  the   week" — that  the  Sabbath   is 

;•<••!  tor  beast  as  tvell  an  for  man,  for  the  "ser\antM  as 

M  tor  tli."1  master,"  for  the  cook  in  the  kitchen  as  well  as  for 

the  lady  in  the  parlor;  and  that  it  should  be  a  day  when  home 

virtuee  should  be  practiced,  particularly  at  home.     We  bcli«  ve 

that  ;\  religion*  spirit  should  so  j>ervade  a  community  that  one 

li«-  t<»ld  in  that  <  ommunity  should  reflect  ujnm  the  teaching  »>id 

th*-  examples  which  the  elders  of  that  community  have  given. 

W.   h<  h.  \.   that  the  principle  of  juwtke  and  right  should  he  M> 

inculcated  in  a  city  that  the  wiling  of  one  adulterated  article  or 

the  manufacturing  of  a  single  hhoddy  cloth,  etc.,  should  reflect 

entire  autonomy.     "We  do  not  t>elie\e  in  the  usefulness 

MV  n-ligion.  no  matk-r  how  respectiihle  it  may  l>e  considered, 

u  hich  do«,  i).  i    prot(K*t  its  communicants  from  dieating,  d»-<  ei\ 

and  debauching  one  another.     We  do  riot  In-lieve  tliatu}N'rson 

lilU  all  that  is  required,  l>y  a  true  religion,  in  simply  siiying  tliat 

he  or  she  /*•/•'    •<  s  in  acting  hy  one  another  as  one  would  that 

ther  -liould  act  hy  him  or  her — No!  beliei'intj  is  not  sufficient, 

'     -It'itifunl  that  lu>  or  she  "//•//(>  ln'lit'rex  tin'  docM*6 HMUt live 

•     m  '     \\e  lx»l:"v*»  in  acts  and  do  not  put  our  confidence 

in   •  if   they  are  unaccompanied   hy  deeds.      We  are,  in  a 

•//ex  in  religion  as  we  are  in  etiquette,  in  the  lxK>ks  we 

read,  in  the  lessons  we  teach  and  in  the  IKTSOIIH  with  whom  we 

.!•'. 

resident  meml>er  in  Pacific  City  will  be  encouraged  to 

I  .i •••  ducer.     ««  The  victory  of  life  is  truly  won  when  one  gains 

the  habit  of  work."     No  matter  what  the  position,  culture  or 

•  .1  a  colonist  may  be,  he  or  she  will  be. better  if  he  or  slif 

labor-  in  his  or  her  vineyard,  shop,  laboratory,  studio  or  factory 

for  four  or  more  hours  each  working  day.     In  every  walk  of  life 

have  combined  study  and  accomplishments  with  out- 

do<  :  i  have  been  the  most  vigorous  in  body  and  mind. 

The  ch.-iiping  of  a  tree,  the  hoeing  of  a  potato  patch,  the  caring 

for  jKuiltry,  the  bringing  in  and  milking  the  cows,  etc.,  etc.,  will 

i  >:md  to  be  much  more  in  keeping  witli  good  health  and  go<xl 

morals,  for   nun,   women,  girls  and   boys,  than   practicing  on 

horizontal  bars,  swinging  Indian  dul>s  and  using  other  de\ices 

made  to  cater  to  the  ill-directed  tastes  of  a  leisured-lazy  class  that 

they  n  -isc  themselves  from  doing  something  useful.  While 

then-  are   hom.-s   to  build,  rivers  to  control,  streams  to  bridge. 

Library  of  Congress* 


irks    to    b.  :nmf\  .  \\  :»M.     plaC68   to  1**  Maim, 
:i-h    t«»   protect,   trees  to   plant,  eotton    to   pi-k,- 

.1  be  no  lack  of  physical  an<l   manly  -  inde- 

!     I'tilicial    means   to  develop  the   mu- •!••-»  an<i    < 

>i'j"tites  to  our  j>eople.      I  jet  :i   community   on*  «•    mak»-   il 

•  \\  ii  that  to  labor,  IIJMHI  details  in  a  i'xed  plan,  is  to  U-  on  the 

t  .  honor  and  to  preferment,  and  there  will  I*'  found  plenty 

of  JH  r  ..nsof  culture,  skill  and  merit  who  will  join  the  ranks.  ea<-h 

day.  to  make  high  plac  -s  low  and  low  pla<  es  Ix-autifnl.      I  take  it 

!  inner  or  the  mechanic  does  not  ha  ve  to  hit  at  si]^|x-ndi>d 

eandl.  to  turn  themselves  through  tlying  tra|»«  /.  s  t«>  -•  t  n;> 

a  healthy  «  it-  ulation;  why  therefore  sh-  idd   tin-re   he   lime  and 

l»r.  !<«d    by  artificial   nn-a:in  to  «•: \ereise  thelNNly: 

We  <-onsider  it  a  wron^  against  six-iet\    to  put  np  ma<  hint-s.  to 

•     an    over-indulged  elasH,  s<>   loit^  as    then-    remains    so 

rniieh   to  do  in   every  plaee  and  at  all  innesto  make  this  earth 

of  ours  a  lit  plao-  for  «  ultured  |H>i>*on«  to  dwell  njx>n. 

Man  is  not  put  in  this  world   for  him.s.  If  alone.     It  is  impo>- 

hihie  for  any   one  man   to  make  himself  happy   or   iiM-ful.     His 

dnt  \   i>  to  jrivi'  t«>  siM-iety,  at  h  »>t,  an  tMpiivalent  for  what  s«»< -iety 

11  him,  and  anyone  who  »l«K-s  not  do  this  is  unmindful  of 

his  debts — he  or  N!I«- tak«-s  things  of  lahor  and  of -value  without 

giving-   inethinj;  i-qual  in  return.     I  «  r.^ons  \\  ho  retleet :  s<»rioiisly 

.as  it  presents  it.-rlf  to-day,  are  he^inning  to  recog- 

ni/A  t!  ••  h  jK-rsoii  owes  his  or  her  first  duty  toothers— 

to  s  for  certain  it  is,  no  one.  man  or  no  one  woman  ev.r 

•  r  her  own  talents  or  accomplishments,  or  sheltered. 

fed.  clothed  or  protected  him  or  her>elf.     We,  believe  that   those 

\\  1;  is  and  culture**  should  freely  and   gladly  give  them 

ho  will  utilize  them.     This  idea  of  justice   will  not 

I...  t,  , -o^ni/.ed  just  at  this  time,  for  there  is  too  much  glamour 

•  \i\  ine  evil  around  us  to  nee,  through  the  money  mi>t  of  ae- 

insion,    tlie  equity   in   anything.      lfos\e\er,    wienee, 

M\  .  invention  and  integral  co-operation  will  yet  combine 

:  the  eyes  of  man  to  what  is  just  and  right,  and  noble. 

s  who  have  been   most   fa \ored.  by  constitution  ainl  by  ii\- 

ilion.  will  yet  come  to  feel  that  they   o\\  e   most  tootheix 

ilc  -\\ards  of  society.    Ideas,  talents,  accomplishments  and  skill 

much  the  product  ftnd  the  outcome  <-t    the  community  in 

which    th.y  have  been  fostered  and  obtaiiuxl  as  the  unearned 


Library  of  Congress, 


PAril  1C  CITY.  i; 

tt\<  n't  from  lain!  is   the  outcome  <>f  the  corning   together  of 

HI  •  -i i  \    lit.-. 

Integral  co -«.JM -ration    tcach-s   that  a   man    amounts  to  abso- 
lutely not!  himself— that    in   a    d<  >.  rt,  far  a\\  a/   fr.nn  his' 
fell,,  xv  man.  a  Na|»oleon  or  a  lluinl>ol<lt  is  more  helpl,-*s  and  di>- 
Ufi  thantibkunk  ;  that  all  that  man  is,  or   that   In-  may  be, 
1  will  he,  is  d<  pendent  upon  the   ad\  antages   which   society 
ha>  .  .    •  n  «>r  will  give  him  ;  that  the  man  who  lives  hy  hinuM-li'  is 
:.-  •••nnt«-naiif«'tl  hy  (Jo«l,  an«l  it  i.^  only  wh«-n  inan\   JM-I-SOIIS 
kthered  to^rtluT,  un<l«-r  moroor  U'ss  dis<-ij»linr  to  think,  to 
.  k  and  t-    n->t,  that  the  Divinity  n-hirh  is  within  man  is  callc«i 
make  man  In-tU-r  ami  woman  n..l>lrr.     One  man  is  no 
m«i.    .  :,pal» le  of  striking  tlie   Divine  Ibc  whi<  li  is  u  itliin  Jiim  l»y 
liim       !    than  a  i>hosphorons    matrli   is   rapahl«-  of   .striking   tin- 
\\  itliMiit  a  ^uitahle  snhstan'-e  t  »  .strike  against.     \Vliene\i  r  a  Man 
undertaken  to  live  hy  himself  lu-has  ^one  backward  in  eyery 
thin^.      in  languai^e,  in  a|'i»eai  .nice,  in  eultun-.     rJ')iei«-  ne\er  was 
;m»-d  man  who  lon^  liveil  !»y  liim>elf.     (Io<l  ours<'S  the  JHTSOII 
\\\m  insists  upon  avoiding  the  fkM-iety  of  his  fellow  creatures. 
1 1. •!!••••.  (  MX!  coiinnands  us  to  he  friends  and  to  associate  t<>^(  ther 
in  all  the  affairs  of  onr  live^:  and  tl»eref«»re  those  who  think  and 
\\  h<»  .;!<•  ahle  to  ]>nt  th.-ir  thoughts  into  sha)H-  hhould  form  plans 
\liicli  IMTS..MS  of   lii^h   and  low  culture,  of  crude  an<l  skilled 
r  can  all  come  int<»  incor[M»rate(l  communities  and  live  upon 
•     uliich  will  enconra.v  each  to  «lo  what  he  or  she  he.st  «  .tn; 
and.  .it  l  he  same  time,  to  keep,  distinct  and  separate,  the  individn- 
;    each  and  every   i*  rson.     As  so*  icty  is  organized  ujioii 
eniile  or  enlightenetl  principles,  jn>t  in  that  pro]iortion  will  man 
iv  ward  or  progressive  in  coming  to  the  true  inu  ardness  of 
In-  •    ing  and  to  the.  import  of  the  duty  he  owes  to  society  which 
ythinj;  to  liim.     No  man  ran  t«  ach  himself  how  to  do  any 
•  onvrtly.     The  time  will  come,   therefore,  when  this  will 
In-   ;       >_rnised  and  by  our  Ix^st   wx-iety,  ami  he  and  she  who  are 
plished  will  gladly  and  freely  give  hack,  with  inhr.M.  to 
the  \  ..ung,  the  principal  (principle)  whi<h  he  and  she  borrowed 
i  the  old. 

The  better  people  of  onr  l>c>t  >ociety  will  come  to  see  thai 
:    •  City  is  the  ba.siri  for  those   \\lio  are  worthy  to  work  <»ut 
their  own  salvation  here  on  earth  and  now  ;  and  to  attain  the 
.    ••*!  and  the  greatest  comforts  in  the  quickest  ]M>ssihle  time, 
who  endow  colleges  and  establish   universities,  libraries, 

Library  of  Congress. 


18  JMf.7  /•'/(•  (77T. 

.  may  well  think  if  it  would  m»i  U-  better  to  use  their 
oil.'  ••  -  t->;i  —  i>tto  establish  a  community  win  i»-  justice  het\\- 
man  :unl  mail  may  prevail.  There  should  !»••.  at  1-  .i.-t,  one 
attractive  place  made  in  this  wide,  long  World  of  om  •>  where 
tho:se  who  \\i^\\  to  lead  worthy  lives,  in  well-diiv<  ted  labor  UJM.II 
thoroughly  or^ani/iMl  plans,  ran  do  HO.  \W  wi>h  that  wt-  ha«l 
"  <t  /(H'ty-jHU'xoii  power"  U>  hhow  that  "  thin  in  //«  in»//  <nul  the 


By  th»-  \\a\*and  means  of  ii»ti-^ral  co-o|M»r:ition  which  is  t«> 
U  •  j>ra«  -ticcd  in  Pacific  City  everything  that  is  PNN!  and  useful 
and  flr\atin«  c-an  he  enjoyed.  All  that  is  elfpint,  gcxnl  an<t 
ma^nitirt-nt  in  architecture  can  IR»  reprcnlnct  <I,  nt  udies  in  oil  can 
adorn  the  walls  of  the  most  humble,  studies  in  hron/e  and  marble 
can  stand  in  every  j;ras8  plat,  music  ran  1-  heard  every  hour, 
chimes  can  call  us  to  our  public  duties,  to  our  amusements  and 
gatherings,  the  newest  inventions  can  IK*,  at  once,  put  into  H-r- 
vice,  every  pajMT  and  ma^a/ine  of  the  wnrld  «  an  IK-  at  the  rail  of 
any  resident  stock-holder,  the  most  eloquent  preachers  can  be 
encouraged  to  preach  to  us  the  best  sermons  fi.>m  the  most  sd«  •  1 
J.  \t-,  the  best  c<  Miked  and  served  meals  can  Ix*  at  the  command 
of  every  citi/.en  at  the  least  i  «»>t  of  lahorand  time,  and  that  repos<'. 
whi<-h  can  come  only  where  then1  is  a  feeling  of  perfect  security 
for  onest-lf  and  where  tliere  is  a  certainty  tliat  every  fellow  bein^ 
•>mfortahle  and  al>ove  want,  will  be  enjoyed  in  Pacific  City  as 
nowhere  else  on  earth. 

Let  all  earnest  people  who  are  intent  ujKm  a  better  life,  in  our 
da\  and  generation,  incor]K»ratti  with  U8  in  The  Credit  Foncier 
(  'ompaiiy  and  assist  to  build  up  and  to  beautify  Pacific  <  ity  a-nd 
i"  (  ultivate  'its  farms,  to  operate  ite  factories  and  to  OJK-U  its 
clearinghouses;  and  then  we  may  all  In-  at  rest  in  the  midst  of 
work. 

"  Look  forward  and  not  back, 

1  .•  ><>k  in  and  not  out, 

Look  up  and  not  down, 

Ami  lend  a  hand. 

MKXK-M  CITY. 
tli. 


Litrary  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Paoific  City. 


AN    OPEN    LETTER. 

NKW  YORK.  No.  :  uu  Street. 

July   I! tli,    I 

J.  Km  «  i    \\  \i.i..\ri.;,  Ks.^.,  Kd.  "Brotherhood."  Ireland 
(/: 

;    )       «     \  isiU'd  our  settlements  in    Sinaloa   ami   have 

i   \vith  Mr.  John  \V.  Lovell,  Mr.  ('.  H.  Huffman,  Mr.  Alvin 

and   myself  with  a  view  to  acquaint  yourself  with  the 

Topol.  po    Co-operative   enterprise,    I    a-.k     the    privilege   to 

>u  ail  o{»cn    letter   an>w«Tiu^   st-vrral    qiu-stiDiis  from 

.it   Kn>;Iand  n'laiing  to  the  same;  for  a  p  n»-ral 

I*.   «'f  more  service  to  all  concerned  than  if  1  answen-d 

i  iin|uirer  M-parately  his  own  questions  only. 

I    nXD    n«'t    M.id\  .|iiite   yet    to  ^rive  ])o^itively  all    the  iletaiJs 

0   tit--   plan  of  introducing   l'a«-itic  ( 'ity   to  the  puhlic? 

l»ut   a>  the  suhjf.-t   is  ofu.«  of  KT<-at  and  essential  in«|M»rtan<  e  to 

I  -  <•  ».|K  i  at  i..ri    in    iN      HI-M!   and   inter-dejH-ndrnt  parl>,    1 

ke  thi>  «>pp   rtiinitx   t-»  outline   its   financial   feature^,  fhat 

I  may  be  stu«l\in^   them  over*;   and  while  doinjj  HO,  1«-1  IIH- 

—    \\  ho  are  en-o]MTatiii£  with  us  in  this  new  departure 

!•  OTCfl  "f  these  words  hy  Tlu-odore  I'arker:  "  Yon  and 

i    i  foi  i-arth.  may   toil  also  for  heaven,   and  every  day's 

In-  a  Jacoh's  ladder  reaching  up  nearer  to  our  <iod/' 

1    >;u-l    pretty  much   these   words  to  friends  in  a  puhlication 

•  l.tt'-'l  heeemlHT  J{(>,  IHtX),  andat  tlie  same  time  ^a ve  an  est im.i i •• 

v  -,  wliieh  would  probahly  be   received    from    tin     nlefl    of 

-  in  I'ax-itie  City,  and  also  Bu^psU'd  how  tli«»K-»me  mi^rht 

.••:•>  priated.     Since  that  dati»  we  have  cleared    up  several 

n-lating  to  our  city  site  ami  to  its  immediate  Mirronndisi. 

tin-  mo>t  important  of  which  were  the  snrvevin^  and  mapj»in^ 

^n nitu rid,  which  have  secured,  for  the  purposes  of 

•  •[KTatioii,  the  hays.  ti>iu  i ..    ,  island^.  slmn-M  and  puh- 

ii«    l.iii  Is  1\  in<^  within  fifteen  miles,   mi-a-Min-«l  jne\«i\  dire«-tion 

from  our  stone  pier  on   the   north  shore  of   the  Straits  of  Joshua  ; 

\\  c  have  built  (lie  Custom  HOU.-M  ,  completed  our  great  cut, 


1 


Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


•JO  AN  OPEN  LETTEH. 

. 
that  the  water  of  tin-  Fnerte  Kiver  actually  w  flowing  over  our 

Mochis    farming    lands,   and    h:»\e   had    my    railroad    concession 
approved   iiy  the  Mexican  Congress  ami   promulgated  (Jinn 

I  need  not  hesitate  longer  to  enlarge  a  Hltle  more  uj»on  the 
details  and  attractions,  than  I  havedaml  to  do  before  for  obvious 
reasons,  of  our  great  and  comprehensive  CO-OJM.  rathe  enterprise 
in  North  western  Mexico. 

I  take  this  occasion  to  rtmate  that  there  /-  no  morlytuji'  UJM>H 
racfjii-  City  site.  By  virtue  of  my  (Colony  eon-  esn.»n,  and  moneys 
alreadx  paid  to  Mexico,  tin-  Hhores,  islands,  bays  and  public  lands 
in  the  /ona  Sanitaria  are  being  put  in  trust  forever  for  the  use 
of  the  citizens  of  Pacific  City  ;  and  as  I  control,  by  virtue  of  my 
(  olony  concession,  the  right  to  the  Maritime  zone  or  water  front 
and.  htf  rirtue  of  intwst  to  mefnnn  jtrivate  ftersons,  of  one-fifth 
(or  ;.M)  JKT  cent.)  in  Pacific  City  aito  pn>ii»Tf  and  as  I,  by  virtue  of  a 
power  of  attorney  from  the  other  private  owners  of  Pacific  City 
site,  which  }Hnwr  i»f  tittorm*y  is  irrcw>cable  l»  cause  it  is  cvnjth<l 
with  the  said  onc-jlfth  interest  in  said  city  #ite,  I  control  the 
entire  site  of  said  city,  and  hare  put  the  same  aside  for  the  pur- 
poses s^t  forth  in  integral  co-o|>cration  ;  and  it  remains  for  me 
now  simply  to  set  aside,  for  the  owners  of  said  property,  25  i»er 
rent,  from  the  money  which  will  I*1  received  from  the  sales  of 
said  lot -uses  until  $2<M),()00  ha\c  l>eeii  paid  ;  after  which  all  the 
money  for  lot-u>es  may  be  used  a  >  set  forth  in  the  pai>er  which  is 
to  accompany  this  letter.  There  is  no  time  set  for  all  or  for  any 
part  of  said  payment  to  be  made.  Those  at  interest  know  that 
my  life  purjH^e  lias  l>een  for  over  nineteen  years  and  is  in  this 
enterprise,  and  that  in  every  way  possible  I  push  forward  tin- 
work  which  is  to  give  them  their  price  and  our  settlers  their 
homes.  The  method  is  the  freest  possible  from  entanglements  or 
misunderstandings,  for  it  will  pay  to  the  property-owners  all  that 
they  asked,  and  it  will  in  no  way  embarrass  those  who  settle 
upon  the  lands.  It  is  simply  a  contract  that  when  a  dollar  is 
iv.d  from  the  sale  of  lot-uses  that  25  cents  will  U-  put  a^ide 
for  the  proj>erty-owners  until  $2(M),(MM)  have  been  pit  id  them;  after 
\\hich  the  piMjKTty  will  be  put  in  trust  forever  for  the  purp< 
of  integral  co-operation. 

The  plan  is  profit  sharing  from  the   first  to  the  List,  and   in 
.every    in-t.nce    the    largest    returns    proportionately    and    the 
highest  <  onsideration  are  given  to  those  irh.t  fntrr  only  lulmr  tn 
it.     In  no  way,  in  connection  with  the  Pacific  City  site  or 

Library  of  Congress. 


/:. 

/ona    Sa.e        .1  ill     illt4   i 

•1.  HIM) •:                        ,  \\  .    |,:,y  |,,  tin- 

fJ    p<  r    I"  ,(    Injun     //v   / 

.';>/»'  /«>/'  fnnn  $!»  In  >V...  >/  <>,-  fur  $  .           ,,,  ,///  ,, 

•  icrs  tfet.s  his  or   hi-r   /.  for  the  nimini'jni 

:    almoM.    nothing;    ami    it    is    only  tin-    cl«  \.i.th    li-.ur 

f    die   who   \vati  lies   and    \\aits  anil    li.     i  •.,;.       and 

<|.>ui>(s  ami  •»•  mil  e\.  i  \  i  i>k  has  been  taken,  every  dis<   >m 

.1    sutlered  and  every  diflieulty    has   hi  CM   ,.\i  n  C.IJH- 
\vhoha-to  [Hiy  roU&dljT  for  l«»i  -usi-s.  an<t    who  \\ill    n. •!    ^<-t    any 
the      p         !    |in>iniuiiis   an<l    <iividr?i<ls   li»-ri-at'tcr   nii-ntioni'd. 
I  >  \v«'  uii(lt>rsliiiiil  it,  t'i.r  ii  is  tin-  lir^t  frw  th.*u  ,.nnl 
our  lamis  whii-h    u  ill  niakt- int< -r;il   <••  •  <.j>«-r.jt  inn  a 
«'i's-»l'iil  i  iiii-rpris*1.     It  will  !.<•  thosr-  men  and  wntn.-n  who  will 
lo  thr ->.- .  1  rity  >ih- and  t-r.    't   for   th«inisclv«'S   tlic    lir>t    1U.<MM> 
h, >•!.«>>  win-  will  hav«-  the  ^:  lal-«»r  t««  «!••,  all  th«-  trials  t«.  61 

jH-rifii;  «>    and    all    tho    d«»uhts    to    ovcrrnrnr.     Tlu-y    will    !»<•    tin- 
nil  n  \\hv>  \vill  lay   dr.-jt,  wid.-,  hruad  and   soli<l  tli*'  foundation 
.d  i-o-MjH-raii.iii  :  and  from  what   tln-y  will  do  \\ill  ^i..\\ 
a  ina--»iiti'  :y  hy  the  sc:i.  and    the   liixt  rij-e  and    1  •«•-,!    fruits 

of  tin  .vaid«'d  to  them.    Th«»e  who  follow  alh  r 

iltl    and   shall    !>••   required    to   pay    n-asoiiahly   f(»r  the 
lM-n«-tit-  th«-\   will  di-riv«-  i ;   .MI  the  \\  nrk  tlu'n  aln  ady  done;  hen<  «  . 

iv  hoiiit>  huilder  up  to  IO,(MM>,  irltu 
Jiui  •    '  '   •  principle*  of  integrri co-operation,  vvftl  receive  a 

pi-eminni  <iuite  equal  to  J^.IT'J  (l'mt«  <1  States  nion-  \   .  and 

••H!  and  true  friend   who   has  taken    and  held  one 

^  of  the  series   Known  as  "the    promoter-'  sharvs  of 

;     •     ierCoinpai  <k. ".shall    r«c«-i  ve  on  »  a<  h   and 

:.tl  dlvidondn  quite  equal  to  *1  .  HS  .  I  "nit*  <1  Siat«-> 

i  ol    \\hieh  is  to   he  j)Po\  ided  for  (Mil.   of   tli»-   funds   r«  - 

:u  tht«  sale   »>f   lot-us<-s;  )mt    in  -hall   the   said 

premium   or  the  said  sj»eeial   dividend   p>  to  any    "had 

.  >r  fo  heirs  vsho  are  not  resident  home  huild«-rs  of  1'a-  ilie 

jr.      In.  ^\  ay.  at  all  tim.-s,  ue  try  to  in-  ul.-ate  that    i  i-  t-. 

our  homes  and  to  pcrfeet  our  liome  industries  that   are 

!.-d  :    and    our   aim    is    to   diseoiira^e    in  e\.T\    u  a y   and 

wh  i     u.-    ran    ahs*'nt«-»'i.-;Tii    in    every    form.      These  s/n  mi/ 

/.•///Jxare   particularly   and geOflTOtSftly given  that  home  hi'ildr 

home  lij,.  and  lioine  virtue  m.-ry  he  pr.^-jin-d  at  hmne. 

[n  the  Mochia  tract  I  own  7»000  aorea  in  my  «-wn  ri^ht  or  in 
their  equivalent  in  tl  ii  of  The    Kaiisjis-Sinaloa    Investment 

Library  of  Congress. 

fir;    CitV. 


-i.v  <>/>i:\  /,/•;'/// 

!i!p:my  ;  and  this  interest  I    ha\  •'  already    :  put    in 

tru-t  NO  that  it  can   be  iis,-d    to  establish    Ult<  i  in 

>ii!.il..'i.      Tin-    Kan.sa.s-Sinaloa    Investment    <  '•  .inp.iu\   li:ts  a  h  ead  v 

i     i    believe,  for    a    lar-e   part    of    t!i«>    Modus    trait    and    )' 
contract  to  buy  all  that  i>  Mill   in  tin*  hands  of    the  Trustee,  I  Ion. 
,l..hn    II.    Kice,   ct     New    York.      This    emhra<  ••  s   all    oi     M. 

opting  about  4,000  or  5,000  acres  held  by  i  M»-M    •.    ,:entl<  man. 

Tin    (  'redit    r'oncier   Company  has  a  c.  Hit  ra-  •»  t.»hny  all  tli«-lan«ls 
win.  li  Tin-    Kan>a>-Sinal«';i    Invcstim  nt    r«.ni|>an\   lias   !••  ,11,;  lit  <>r 
jnay   buy.  ari'l   all    the   nnprovrincnts   it    n;ay    niak<-    in   .sinalo.i. 
Thf   lands  will   rust    us   ;;l><>Mt   5^5    pi-r  a<  r-  .      \\hat  th«l  lMt<h 
actually  co^t  has  n«»t    y<  -t  IM-I-II    r.-pnrt«-.l.  t\  i    Th«-    Kan- 
I  n  vest  i  IK  'tit  (  'ompany  ha-  nut  \t>(  closnl 

Tlu-  (  n-ilit  Kinii-iiT  *  Onipany  was  n<>t  .i!»l<'  t«...irr\  .-ut  rny 
plan,  >!!.:_;<  -t«-<l  «>n  pa-gcJl,  Intt-j^ral  (  »»-u|.  i-ati.»n  ;  h»-iu  •«•  I  had 
to  make  th»-  b«-st  contra'  I  1  <  ould  an<l  hn\  t'r-oin  M-mn«l  parties; 
but  th«>  im-ni'V  pai*l  K«M'^  mostly  to  friend  hpncc  it  \\  ill  U-  n 
within  tin-  (  'uluny  ;  but  M  t  In*  uhli^atioiis  ha\«-  to  b<-  t  ul  tilled  h\ 
\..\-fnilx-r.  1  *!»">.  it  now  i>e.  ..nn-s  n«Ti->sary  .  in-t-  ad  <-i  ..jH-nin^ 

the  |;i)|d^  (fee  to  tht>   U^,.  .,|     all.Ils     I     had    hoped,   to  s.  ||    (he    ii    . 

the  said  lands  in  >«-ries  ,.f  l.unii  aej-«-s-iisefl  at  a  tived  pf  i<  «  the 
pri<  e  |M  r  /ir/r-//.sr  (».  be  |u\s  in  the  tii  -t  M  ries  and  to  i  i>e  ^radiiall\ 
higher  in  i-arh  sn-  !in-  the  same  ide;i  \\  ,-  illu>- 

t  late  \\  Ith  the  lot-Uses    in     1'        |fie  (  •.       Thi.s  \v  ill   -i  \  e  li-  t  he 

\\a\sand   mean-;  to  <  .IIH  el  ;iil  uf  The   K.ins.is-Sinaloa  I  n  \  - 

(  'on  )  pai  IN  '.s  -ttx-k,  scrip  and  other  pa|>ers.  \\  ill  put  the  M  Mid 

the  Pitch  into  The  <  'red  it    Konri.-r  (  'oinpan\  .  1  1  e.    <tnd   in-ein-uin- 

•  d.  and    \\ill   ^i\>.   n-;  ;i    chance   to  ^i\e   t.»  uur   lii-t  '  :: 
within  a  f«'\v  year-,  a  prendum   lur  eacl»    am-  <-ulti\  ad-d.  xvhi«-h 
\\ili  ainuunt   to  srveral    times  more   ca-h  inon«-\   than  they  ha\e 
{•aid.  Iruin  tir^t  to  last,  in  ^uin.LT  t<»  and   K«'ttni^r   themselvei    •    'in 
Ji.  ujH.n  the  company's  lan<ls.     I   cannot  \\hat   the 

plan  may  U-   until   after  I  ha\e  ^on«'  over  the  del.,  :  ;     ••   , 
the  <  M6  v\  ith  trieiiils  Hotfman  and  Hreidejjthal.      It  takes  ;l  little 
time  !'T  us  to  K«'t  together  and  to  pro|*  rly    a<ljust   detaiU.  but  if 

r  to  ^u  slow  and  sure  than  to  make  a  -tep  whicli  mav  }-,.. 
to    be  d.      However,    friends    ina\    re-«     i--uied    that  tl 

will  l»e  in.  difficulty  in  the  way  to  «>ur  s,  -  urin^  the  .M<>«-hi>  fn-e  of 
i<  e  :  but  we  wish   the  earnest  .....  (M-ration  and  the  full 
eiiniidi-ii'-e  i.f  all  jMM'sons  interested  in  inti-.ui'al  '  •«  >-<  .Deration,  and 
at  the  time  and  in  the  way  \v  ••  j^m-  due  and  published  not; 


Library  of  Congress* 
ir;    Citv. 


.LY  OPEN  /./•:/ /'/:/;. 
railroad  a  from  Topni.  -  to  n. --i-h,.  .1. 1 

,  about  »'>•»"  milt  8,  .UK!  \N  liirli  !••  •  ;a\v 

.hi1  '  '-ill    I    nn    :ilniiit    to  (  i, .-,.  a  runt  r.-n  t 

\\  hi-  h  \»  i.  •    '  i ;  .•        'i«-esMon  to  Tin    M    Ktcaii-West^rti  I 

•  ptinx  ill  full    payiiientfor  tin    same  ;i!i  of   th, 

>!     said   company,  and    ;i    .  out  rn  t  to  build  and    to 

fi"  roftd  an  sections  of  fifteen  null  .mpleted.      1  e;m- 

iioi  i..  foiv  the  papers  of  <-on'  -d.  l»ut 

-of     my   routr.l.   t.  Will     In-    til.'    -.Ill  u  •  ;«  ^  1 1|.  •  \     f 

only.  in-t>-:i«l  of  suhsnly  Itoml.-..  I  -»-t  alioiit  ;,<MM) 
l,iinls*|HT  inih-  of  r;iilroa<l  constni«-t.-.l.  or  in  all 
hCm,  if  tin-  <>.~»()  riiiii-s  an-  ••omplrtrd. 

1  ;  -ntr:icl  as  an  in<livi<hiul  and  not  .t-  lh«    n-prrs«-nt- 

<lit  Konci.  r  <  'oinpanv.     Tlif  ( 'n  ,1n   1  .  .nci.-r  ( 'oin- 

in    :i«>  \vay  at  :in\   tiiiM- a«U  am  4-.1  a  dollar  or  t.tkt-n  any 

i     \    iailr«.ad   cui  n    r.xcrpt Jim  th«»  ^"i,(HM»  nf  -t<H'k 

it    '  v     v.-ars  a.L'o    in    Tin-    T«-\as.   To|K>loh.nnpo  and    1'aritir 

1-iit    that    <-oni|>;iny    ha>    >!!)«•«•    IMM-OMK-   extinct.      Th»' 

i.  lik»>  th«-  Pacitk-  (  'ity  sitr,  the  Xon:i  Sanitaria.  th«'  Mochis 

t.    >ta'ids.  at  presf-nt.  U|x>n  its  own  Ih.ttoni.  and   like 

th«-i>  it  rxjM-.-is  to  «li-p«  nd  upon  it>  o\\n  revenues  i-- 

n  obligations  :  a?i«!  if  it  or  any  on»>  of  th.-  others  should 

!.  UK-  failure  \\  ould  not    in   any  way  add   to  the   ohli^at loii^  of 

theotners;   hen--e   it   may   he  >«>en    that    we    h«\  "put 

uiultT    five    ditfej-ent   and  separate  ln-n-  ;   and  after  the 

i •••  hatched  we  will  ^t't  them  all  to^et  her,  in  ^CMX!  form. 

in:  tie  and  call  it  The  Credit   Fourier  <  «'in|»ar\ . 

Tliis  was  my  plan  from  the   fhM.hut   I    never  yet    have   had 

:ii"d  <u>-o|H'ration  nnd  menu-  t- do  just  as  1  mo  I  ed, 

•  •    have  had  to  tfo  uloii-  ould.      In    the  end,  1 

think  B  will  appreciate  what  we  will    ha\"  gotten  together 

in  had  we   had    no   dilh'culti'  Mirinoimt.     Strujj 

.1  hand  of  determined    nun   and  .!t  \\«»rkin^  at    the 

.  unite*  thrm  into  a    plialanx   of  th   and  r"nf 

pnrjxj?-  ITpOM  i  .  ;>d    the   plan    ha.-   heen    well 

:na>    !>«•  indulge  I  in. 

,<;  the   raiii  •  '    I  wish 

\\-ork   upo!  ;    and  to  be  «-mpl« 

in   its  operation.     H  f,    tliere   wi!i    be   no   p«-: 

the  matt    r.     Tho 
|  will    r<  amounting   tu 

Library  of  Congress. 

M*     CltV. 


34  I  V   o/ •/•;.%'   LK'I 

$9    f<>i  -lit    hours'  \\ork;  ami    :»;i-  r  the    li; 

finished  everv   r-diare  of   the    common  -fo(  !    «i    the    said 
in.,1-1  will  be  put  ///  triifit  for   the  use   "i    in!'  ration 

ill  from  nif  to  th<  ons  «>i    Pacifn  md 

\\  ith  the  stock  will  also  p>  every  aere  >f  I  md  which  1  ma\   obtain 
i»\  rirtue  of  «aid  contract,  free  and  unencumb«  r«-  I.  t.  for- 

r  ///  trust  for  the  use  of   int^^ral  co-<»|>«-ration       Aii\«inr   who 
kn  \  tiling   al>oiit    ;t  railroad    kno\\->   th.it    tin-    party   who 

hol<l>  th««  romtnon  sttn-k  owirs  the    railroad-  IH-IHM*.  « li»-  color 
who  work  will  get  the   largest  wages  ov.'i- paid  to  l.iiioriiiLr  MH-II, 
aixl   they  will  <»wn  the  load  and  its  equipment,  and  all  the  land-, 
whirh  may  have  been  -•  <-mvd   by  me.  on  •  In-   <  <>inpl»M  j,>n   of 
lions  r!    B9  miles:  and   at   the   same   (inn-    the   rajn'taliM-;  ,jr»»t  ftft 
da  x-curity  for  their   inxestinent  and    a-;   iai..:«-   a    return,  in 
Moitpi^e    Bonds.  I'n-ferre«l   Stock   .'iid   pxnl   lands  for  the 
nionev  advanced  for  ni;ileri;ils  as  may  an\  where  eU«-  j>c  Jud. 

Th»-  first  section  of  our  railroad  is  e;i        to  build.  -With   the 

same  nmuber  <>f  men  and   animals   as\s.-   employed  OH  tbo  ditch 

ild   lini-h  it    inside  of  tlu-ee  niont !•>,  and   it    \\  ill  hrin^  into 

n\i\  ..crex  of   timber,  valley,    plateau  or 

coast  land*,  in  one  tract  or  in  a  hundred  as  we  may  select,  in  one 

<ii  in  all  "I  the  ti\,-  Northern  S1  '    Mexico.     This  fir^t  st-efiori 

••o;id  NN  ill  jJivc  luivn.          to  and  '"'      n  the  jrn-at  inino  of  the 

rra  Madre  and  from   the   p«-ople  in   the  Valleys  of  the   Fuerte 

and  Sinaloa,   ample   to   pay    from  the   siart,    the   interest  on    the 

lii>t   M'.i  turaLr(    Bonds,  dividend*  on   the  preferred   st<x-U  ami  in- 

-t  <»n  the  Ine.,un«  HOIK  is.      Never   was  anything,  that  had   not 

•.  tpjH-ned,  more  sure  than  this. 

The  Income  Bonds,  all  of  which  I  will   re.-.-ive  as  contractor, 
l»e  Mit1i<  lent  to  pay  handsomely   the  labor  employe.!  and  to 
buy  the  neee>sary  fo«xl  ar.<l  clt»thes,  et<  ..  us.-,l  by  th ••»-••  empl. 

the   railroad;    and    the   interest   of   s;iid    Bonds    is    imt   (-nly 
•  d  by   the  revenues  from   the   railroad,  but    thei,- 

nantee  provided  for  the  same  in  the  re\enue  from  the 
,    t    UN  s  in  Pacific  ( 'ity. 

In  regard  to  the  Colony   Concession,  the  In  :  .-n 

I,N    Hon.  Johr    If.  Rice  and  m\  --It .  .Iul\   82,  I86t,  befon 

Cn   lil  Fon'-i.-r  ( 'omj  ,uiy   was  in  existence:  the  jn^ 

•ken  out   by  invM-lf   February  '.      In    fieitln  r  in- 

n  any  ocrusiofi   !  ad- 

:  ;•  any  other  work  in  c<'im.cti«.u 

Library  of  Congress. 
~ p«n\fio  City. 


.l.V  OPEN  LETTKR.  25 

\\  it  It  the  securing  of  the  said  concfKsionft.  It  is  not  pro|x*k»d  in 
any  way  ut  any  time  to  charge  Tin*  Cn<dit  Fonciur  Company 
with  a  dollar  in  this  connection.  The  railroad  and  Colony  Con- 
oewions,  the  surveys  of  4,000  miles  of  routes  running  out  from 
Tupolohampo,  the  mapping  of  the  Sit -mi  Madre  and  the  expenses 
attending  the  developing  of  Topolohaini>Q  and  its  vicinage  lias 
rust  persons  whom  I  have  interested  in  the  different  projects,  be- 
i  \\een  1^1-86,  something  over  400,000  in  gold.  I,  personally f 
have  been  since  September,  1872,  working  to  bring  TopoloUunjM) 
into  the  notice  of  the  world.  The  money  which  hits  been  from 
time  to  time  advanced,  in  one  way  or  another,  in  connection  with 
Topolobumpo  up  to  1886  was  advanced  for  8j>eculative  purposes 
and  has  been,  to  all  intents  and  purjioses,  lost  in  the  regular  ways 
of  our  (.M  methods  of  doing  business  ;  but  I  do  not  intend  that 
anyone,  groat  or  little,  rich  or  poor,  who  has  ever  advanced  a 
dollar  in  any  way  to  develop  Topolotampo  shall  lose  a  cent  if  I 
can  help  it ;  and  hence,  it  may  be  seen  in  section  7,  I  have  pro- 
vided that  said  money  will  l>e  paid  back  live-fold.  The  colonists 
who  take  a  promoter's  share  ot  stock  will  eventually  receive  in 
dividends  144  times  his  investment.  Had  these  speculators  of 
years  ago  not  assisted  m«»  in  getting  TopoloUynpO  into  shape  our 
colonists  and  I  would  never  have  had  a  TopolobamjMj  to  go  Co. 
An  1  so  it  will  be  seen  all  through  our  plans  we  aim  at  equity.  It 
has  to  be  equity.  There  is  no  other  basis  for  a  correct  community 
to  stand  upon. 

In  regard  to  The  Credit  Foncier  Company  it  will  not  have 
any  debt  after  Mr.  Lovell,  our  treasurer,  has  time  to  see  just 
how  accounts  stand  ;  for  he,  Mr.  Chidester,  myself  and  two  or 
three  others,  who  have  advanced  money  to  the  company,  from 
time  to  time,  will  accept  stock  for  the  same,  and  every  debt  will 
be  cancelled.  This  is  in  accordance  with  the  wishes  expressed  in 
the  "  Memoranda  of  Agreement,"  made  by  friends  and  myself  at 
the  Colony,  March  16th,  1892. 

The  cash  money  received  for  stock  since  the  organization  of 
the  company,  September  14,  1886,  to  June  1,  1892,  equals  $29,759, 
and  the  property,  tools,  horses,  wagons,  etc.,  etc.,  received  for 
stock  equals  $29,316 — a  total  in  all  of  $59,075,  or  the  equivalent 
of  5,907  1-2  shares.  If  the  indebtedness  amounts  to  $15,000, 
which  will  likely  be  the  case,  then  there  will  be  issued  1,500 
shares  more,  which  wiH  make  7,407  1-2  shares,  or  say  one-half 
of  the  15,000  shares  which  were  originally  set  aside  for  the  pto- 

Library  of  Congress. 
Pacific  Citv. 


26  ^V  OPEN  LETTER. 

moters,  and  asked  to  be  taken  l*»fore  a  move  was  made  towards 
settlement  (see  "  Integral  Co-operation/'  page  *1).  Hy  the  pmV 
lished  statement  of  Mr.  Lovell,  May  14,  18H7,  it  in  ty  l>e  seen  that 
tin'  total  receipts  at  that  time  were  $40,lU2.7!i,  or  4,011)  shares. 
Since  NoveimVr,  1890,  the  money  received  has  gone,  to  The 
Kansas-Sinaloa  Investment  Company.  Owing  to  the  ill-advised 
:,i;tl  premature  rush  to  our  colony  during  the  winter  of  1880--87, 
the  company  was  interrupted  in  its  plans  and  order  and  ever 
since,  those  in  the  lead  have  been  struggling  to  leave  goof  the 
life-line  sufficiently  long  to  get  the  Company  organized  in  accord- 
anre  with  the  plan  set  forth  in  **  Integral  Co-operation." 

The  "credits"  upon  the  hooks  of  the  company,  whatever 
they  may  be,  on  the  first  Monday  in  February,  1893,  will  be  can- 
celled by  the  issue  of  the  said  income  bonds.  Thus,  by  tin- 
taking  up  of  all  debts  by  stock  and  the  funding  of  all  outstand- 
ing "  credits"  into  income  bonds,  The  Credit  Foncier  Company 
will  start  with  an  experience  of  six  years  in  active  colony  service, 
free  from  encumbrance  and  with  as  large  and  as  attractive  and 
as  varied  a  ')asis  for  usefulness  as  was  ever  before  granted  to  an 
association. 

In  regard  to  the  reorgani tuition  of  February,  1893,  of  The 
Foncier  Company,  the  said  "Memoranda  of  Ayrw- 
means  to  say  that  The  Credit  Foncier  Company  will 
be  organized  in  strict  (Wttrdtuice  irith  its  charter  and  for  the 
to  establish  integral  co-operation  in  Sinaloa  upon  strict 
lines.  The  method  of  voting  will  be  that  as  suggested 
in  "  Integral  Co-operation,"  pages  122-125.  The  ticket  books  will 
lie  prepared  at  our  New  York  and  Topolobampo  offices  from  the 
books  of  the  company,  kept  by  Mr.  E.  M.  Hussey  and  Mr.  Wm. 
L.  Patten,  and  a  ticket  will  be  sent  in  December  to  each  stock- 
holder, with  instructions  where  to  send  the  same  after  the  stock- 
holder has  written  his  or  her  wishes,  etc.  There  is  no  intention 
of  changing  in  any  particular  the  principles  or  the  plans  of 
integral  co-operation  as  first  and  now  presented.  There  will  be 
no  change.  Experience  has  taught  us  that  we  are  in  every 
particular  just  right.  Integral  co-operation  as  we  have  laid  it 
out  has  never  yet  for  an  hour  been  tried.  It  is  to  try  it  that  we 
start  next  February  to  put  our  affairs  in  strict  business  shape. 

In  regard  to  salaries  there  has  not  been  any  paid,  in  cash  or 
in  stock,  to  any  director  from  the  start  to  the  present  time, 
excepting  to  a  director— to  one  lawyer  Hawkins—who  afterwards 


Library  of  Congress* 


AN  OPEN  LETTER.  27 

incited  riot,  betrayed  his  trust  and  had  to  fly  from  the  e<»l<»ny. 
His  expenses  \veiv  paid  to  and  from  Minnesota  and  to  Si naloa, 
and,  I  think,  $60  j»er  month  for  two  month*)  were  jwiid  him.  Tim 
directors,  who  have  l>een  inactive  service,  will  revive  £i  JMT 
day  in  "credits."  During  the  eight  yean*  that  myself  and 
friends  have  been  associated  in  this  movement — Mr.  Lovell,  Mr. 
I'hidester,  Mrs.  Rowland  and  Dr.  <'nx>ks,  all  of  wliom  became 
charter  members  and  din-  -torn — I  have  not  heard  one  of  them 
mention  "credits"  or  expense  money  in  connection  with  himself  or 
herself.  Friends  in  England  or  elsewhere  may  rest  assured  that 
those  who  have  inaugurated  integral  co-oj*ration  in  Sinaloa  have, 
•IH'htrijtlt'  in  mind  and  not  principal ;  but  when  integral  co-opera- 
tion  is  once  organized  every  one,  insid  •  of  the  organization,  will 
gain  more  than  has  ever  IN -en  gained  before  by  the  associates  of 
any  organization,  and  that,  too,  after  giving  to  every  one  the  full 
\  alue  of  his  or  her  product.  So  far  I  nave  not  asked  for  anything 
from  The  Credit  Foncier  Company  in  "credit**"  or  in  money.  I 
haxe  giv»  M  my  time  for  eight  years,  jxiid  my  own  excuses  and 
put  eash  money  into  the  wrvieeof  the  company,  and  in  preparing 
t«.j  it,  for  the  colony  interests.  What  I,  and  tho.«»  who  areimlmcd 
with  the  sjnrit  of  thus  movement,  wish  to  gain  is  a  home  in  Pacific 
( 'it  \  -surrounded  witli  all  the  luxuries  and  cultures  of  high,  in- 
dustrial, intellectual  and  virtuous  life,  and  with  a  contented  and 
progressive  people  iix  the  enjoyment  of  more  individual  freedom 
in  every  channel  of  res IH *c table  life  than  has  ever  been  encouraged 
in  any  community  before  Pacific  City  was  inaugurated. 

I  invite  the  attention  of  friends  to  "  Integral  Co-o|>eration,v 
pages  105-122,  to  "A  Talk  About  Cities,  their  Past,  Present  and 
Future,"  and  to  "  A  Co-operative  City  and  The  Credit  Foncier 

Company/*  by  John  W.  Lovell. 

Your  friend, 

A.  K.  OWEN 


Library  of  Congress* 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


PACIFIC  CITY. 


An  estimate  of  the  money  to  U»  derived  from  tin*  sale  of  lot- 
uses ami  the  iippropriation  «»!'  ihe  same  : 


""""""• 

2  000        

1 

4  (MM)  

B 

r/ooo  

I 

4 

10  (MM>  

6 

pj  (MM*  

6 

|  J  (MM)  

7 

Hi  (MH)  

S 

MM)  

P.I.'.  oOO  

10 

400.000.. 

to 

.   LOTK^riXlM)  ft: 


500 
500 

$10.00 

feo.oo 

QOO 

40.00 

500 

SO.  00 

BOO 

1UO.IK) 

500 

830.00 

500 

040.00 

500 

1,280.00 

4N.OOO 

1J,04H).(K) 

1 

4S.<MM) 

2,500.00 

* 

lo«  '.000 

x2.i;-j 

TOTAL 


10,000 

-,'o.«KM> 

40.000 
H0.04M> 
lOO.'MIO 
^•JO.IMM) 

<»40.o<M; 

im.(HM».(HM) 


Tliis  money  ($217.^7.">,0(M))  nill  he  p;ii<l  into  the  Paeilie  City 
Treasury,  to  John  W.  Lov«»ll,  trea>ur«T,  No.  W2  Nassiiu  stnt't, 
New  York,  ami  th«'  si»m«-  niay  U-  ;i))i»n»priat<Ml  as  follows: 

1.—  Fifty  ]»er  e«-nt.,  or  ^10H,n:J7..VK>,  will  he  »-inplo\cil  t<>  <>nn- 
cvl  the  ^00,000*  «.wr<l  to  the  land-owners  of  Pacific  City  site  ;  for 
improving,  Iteautifying  and  shading  the  streets,  for  j 
the.  parks  and  cii'-len,  for  building  fa<%U>ries,  mills, 
puj;Hc  haths,  schools,  libraries,  miblii;  offices,  laundries,  crema- 
tories, restaurants,  music  halls,  hotels,  theatres,  meeting-houses, 
wharves,  docks,  storehouse,  etc.,  for  constructing  ferry  and 
other  Injiitw  for  our  hurl^r,  for  putting  on  steamers  and  sailing 
vessels  to  ply  between  Pacific  City  and  Mexican  raid  United 
States  ports,  for  cutting  the  canals  and  inprovin^  tin  water 
front  of  Paciiic  City,  for  making  dry  -docks,  for  e^tahlishin^  hos- 
pitals, a  sailors*  home,  a  museum  of  natural  history,  a  zoological 
garden,  for  putting  in  el<M'trie  power  for  lighting,  heating  and 
motive  purposes,  for  constructing  street  tramways,  for 


•  One-half  of  the  said  60  i»er  cent,  will  be  used  for  this  purpose  until  the 
•aid  $300,000  have  been  satisfied. 


Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


C/7T.  2ft 

the  removal  »•.  -^  :tu<l   drainage,  for  supplying  water  from 

the    Ri\'i      Fu«-rie    and   Sinaloa   and    from    artesian    ami   other 
>ourc.  -s,  fur  putting  up  hath  houses  and   improving   the  hathim; 
i         <  'op.  i*  afiil   on  Saiila    Maria   Island,  for  making 
shell  and  other  improvrd  drives  fnnn  tin-  city    t-»  ami  along  the 
gulf  :-hore.   for  laying  an  ocean  eabl"  (1<>!)  mile>)  fnnn    I'arilic 
<'itytol,a  1'a/..  for  poli<  in-  and  regulating  the  /ona  Sanitaria, 
for  protecting  t»ur  li^ln-ri*^,  ilu-  st-al-.  ill-   <>\  -trrs,  turtles.  tort«iis<', 
etc.,  for  making  a  mountain  park  n  sort  oi    the  ]N-nin.siila 
of   San  I^n  irio.  and  for  «le\ •eloping  ^eiu-rally  the  city   uiul  its 
h,nd>.  i>lands,  »a<      ete. 

-Ten  (10)  ]»er  cent.,  or  ^1.7^7,5(K>  will  U-  used  to  pay 
t,.  the  tir^t  1(».(MM>  resident  home  builders.  This  fund 
\\ili  _i\.  .iiitualK  $£.,172  t.  >  each  colonist,  up  to  the  mimlH  r  of 
HUHH).  who  proridi >  hiin^elt  «>r  her>«-lf  \\ith  a  home'  in  Paeilie 
Cii\. 

-T.-ii  (10)  p«-r  cent,,  or  Jjai.727."HH).  will  he  used  to  pay 
dividi-nds  iiiKiii  the  hrst  I ."».»»«  •)  shares  of  stock  sold  hy  The  (  'redit 
lousier  ('4i!npany.  This  will  ^ive  ••ventnally  ^1,1H  to  every 
-hare  l>elon«;in£  t"  what  are  known  as  the  promoter's  shares. 

t.— Five  (5)  JM  r  <-«-nt.,   or  $l«».st'»:t.7.M),   may  IM-  employed  to 

t  whar\  es.  wai  elioiis«-s.  stations,  and  for  providing  ample  ami 
improved  terminal  faeiljues,  for  railr«»jids  and  steamshi|>s,  OH  the 

i>  -horeot     !» -.Str:*it  -  «if  .Ittsliua  an<l  on    Pintoeahiii,   .Mumu- 

ui  and  South  Islands:  free   use   of  \\hieh  \\\\\  |M>  -^iven  to  Tlio 
\i.:m    Western    Railroad    C-ompany    for    niuety-Hino    years, 
dating  from  the  |»n'.M-nt  railroad  concession. 

."i.     l-'i\e  {.')»  j>ur  cent,  or  |lo,sij:!.7:,o,  may  lx^  used  for  building 
.iry  ]»nl)lic  works  and  Fed^r.-il   lUiildings  for  the  Mexican 

.11:  I.  r-  instance.:!  Custom  House,  a  residence  for  the  C'ap- 
tain  of  the  Port,  a  l*f»st  Office,  a  mctt'orological  and  signal  station, 
•\  (piarantine  station,  a  life  saving  station,  a  lighthouse  on  the 
I'arallon  de  San  Ignacio.  electric  rang«-  lights  for  the  channel  SO 
that  vessels  can  go  in  aruloutof  To|M)lol>ant]>o  Harbor  at any  time, 
n  th.e  <lay  «>r  niglit.  without  a  ])ilot  :  and  s*»a,side  n^idenccs  for 

l»re>idi-nt  «»f  the  Kepuhlic  and  for  the  ( Jovernor  of  the  State 
of  Sinaloa.     From  this  fund,  also,  will  come  the  money  necessary 

uild  residi-nee>  tor  all  foreign  consuls  who  may  be  appointed 
to  Pacific  citv. 

6.— Five  (."»)  iM-reent.,  or  ttO,^>:J,7r>u,  w  ill  be  employed  to  build 
and  furnish  three  commodious  and  model  hotels,  in  the  Spanish- 


1  Library  of  Congress, 


80  PACIFIC  CJTV. 

Moorish  stylo  of  architecture  (it  is  sn^estcd),  and  filial  with 
every  modern  convenience  and  luxury.  Those  will  U»  erected  on 
Hotel  Terrace,  Mount  Joshua  and  the  Kara  lion  de  San  Itfnacio.* 

7. — Five  (O  per  cent.,  or  $K»,sG:J,7.">o,  will  be  set  aside  to  jriinr- 
nntee  the  principal  of  ''£0,000  (f  100)  Income  Konds  wM  1:  v,  ill  be 
issued  by  The  Mexican  Western  Railroad  Company  to  pay  for 
the  construction  of  the  first  100  miles  of  railroad  from  Itayside  to 
the  upper  Puerto  Rivjr  Valley;  and  to  pay  hack,  flw-/ol<l.  all 
money  which  httrf  at  any  time,  in  any  way,  by  any  person,  been 
used  to  promote  To|H>lobainix)  and  it*  enterprises  through  the 
solicitation  of  the  founder  of  Pacific  City. 

8.— Ten  (10)  per  cent,  or  $21,727,500,  will  be  used,  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  founder  of  Pacific  City,  to  promote  and  protect  the 
divers  interests  of  integral  co-operation  in  Sinaloa. 

t>. — The  Mexican  Western  Railroad  Company  will  give  the 
citizens  of  Pacific  <  'ity  special  rates  for  themselves  and  for  their 
etftcts,  products,  etc.,  over  its  railroad  system,  as  follows: 

The  passenger  tariff,  for  wild  IXTSOIIS  over  said  railroad  and 
its  branches,  will  never  exceed  one  cent,  Mexican  money.  ]>er 
mile,  for  adults  (twenty  years  of  age);  minors  from  ten  to 
twenty  years  will  pay  one-half  of  said  tariff,  and  children  below 
that  age,  in  the  charge  of  an  adult,  will  ride  free. 

All  building  materials,  coal  and  products  for  manufacturing 
in  Pacific  City,  in  Villa  de  Mochis,  or  Vegaton  ;  and  freights  for 
their  own  personal  uses,  received  or  sent  by  said  persons,  over 
said  railroad  and  its  branches,  will  be  carried  at  a  tariif  not  to 
exceed  one-half  cent  ]>er  ton,  or  per  cubic  yard  in  bulk,  per  mile  ; 
and  bundles,  ]>arcels,  packages,  l>oxes,  etc.,  less  than  fifty  pounds. 
or  less  than  one  cubic  foot  in  bulk,  will  be  carried  between 
PaciuV  City.  Villa  de  Mochis,  and  Vegjitoii  and  all  intermediate 
stations,  for  the  uniform  tariff  of  ten  cems  JMT  bundle,  etc.,  and 
to  and  from  Pacific  City,  to  and  from  Villa  de  Mochis,  and  to 
and  from  Vegaton  and  all  stations  beyond  Vegaton,  the  uniform 
tariff  of  twenty-five  cents  per  bundle,  etc.,  will  l>e  charged  said 
persons.  Effects,  products  etc..  by  the  carload  oi  ten  tons  or 
more,  will  be  carried,  by  said  railroad  system,  for  said  JMTSOIIS. 


*The  lntt«r  will  l»e  "The  Sanitarium,"  <>n  a  n»ok  -U>4  fevt  hijjh,  with  about 
ii  acres  of  suilar.    on  top.  ,  ml  twelvt*  miles  in   tli.-  (Julf  of 


direellv  fronting  our  harlx>r.     Th«-  Tii»  Top  House,  on   Mount  Joshu.-i.  will 
Mftfoet  ft»M)vi-  (h«-  hay.  an.  I  t)i«'  TopoIotMUii]  o  HOUSI-  will  be  175  feet  above  the 
Straits  of  Joshua  ami  fiv««  nnnutes'  walk  from  our  landiug. 


Library  of  Congress. 

Owen. 


/.i<  il'lc  C/TK  31 


for  the  uniform  i  iiv«  -dollars  IMT  carload,  li'twocn 

I  'if  v   :iini  \  .--atoii  Mini  -ill    int<  rim-dial-'  sl;itiolis.  :ui.l  lo  ;irul  from 

md   to  and   from    \V^at<>n   nnd   all   stal  inns  IM-\  <MI.| 

-ii,  ami  \N--t  "t  tin*  siiiiiinit  on  the  Mtorra  Madre,  for  th« 

uniform  tariff  of  ten  doUara  ;  and  t«»  ami  I'nun  J'aciii<-  <  its  ami 

iii'ii   .in<l  all  .station-   .-aM    of  tin-  MI  ill  sunuuit. 
tin-  unit    i  :n  tan.'l'  ol    lil'hMMi  dnliar-. 

10.  —Tin-  Mc\i<  -an  \V.--|t  -i-n  i;:iiln>ai|  (  'ompany  will  rhar^c  said 
jH-i  'ii>;t<-rm   rati«  of   ten     -rnts   -Mexican    money;   for   imv- 

uC  tw(-iity  wor.1-.  OVOT  it     t«*li^r;,jili  and  tvlrphuiu-  liiu-s,  t(» 
and  from  all  station-,  in  its  ct»ntrol. 

Comp.  i   jn-ixoiis  running  strain   or  otli«-r  \vssels  to  and 

from  Tacitic  City,  will  !>«•  ask-  -i  to  ?nak«-    like  i-on.  <  ,--i(»ii-  to  said 
JXTSOIIS.  and  for  tln-ir  HlVrts.  |  :odnct->,  ct«-. 

A.  K.  OWEN. 
Ni:\v  YOKK,  -July  11,  *<J:». 


Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.    Pacific  City. 


-/.  1 1- 


TIM'.  sTl.'KKTS  <>r  1;|C  <  TI'I  I'.S. 


Ml    M«   [PAL     •  •  •' 

«JI-:t.ssi«  -\  M    «!••!••:<• 


.  i;  k.ot'th   commiMion  appointed 

:.    time  n;,r.»   !>\    I'n-tdent  llani-'ii    t  .  ,(elhe    sir- 

ami  suhwa\s  of  Washington  nnd<  r  an  ,t<  .  of  t'on^re^.  snh- 
mitted  their  report  to  the  PH-M.I.  n:  to-day.  EVeftideut  Harridon 
\vill  !. iy  the  report  I  •!•  •  <  9  ;nnl  •  •  •<I«MHHM  n-1  tli.tt.  it  !><• 

printed  for  wide  distribution,  a  .  vi-ry  l-uv  nnm 

}..ilit\     in    llu-    r.-iindv.      '!  lie    in.  .t     this    n  >Mi!iiK-i  »n 

iBeero  of  wide  reputation.    Tlu-v   h.i\.-  -tu.lic«j   ih.-ir  Mihject 

fully.  h.»\  »•  \  i-.it«  .1    t  -.ei'M  in  «•<.!: 

\\ith    the    author  !     ail  the   leadiirj;  eiiies    of    the 

[Jnited  Stataa,  and  their  report  \\ill   mal  n«>\.  !.  not  to  say 

a>t'»»in(liu^;,  r  mlati  .«i!-.     The  Around  idea  of  the  report  i.-. 

that  the  n  1 1  in  i<;  i  pal  it  y  ihould  own  it     treets  ill  every  -  oae  «»f  tli»* 

term.  Thus  the  report  ruiiuii'-inl.s  that  «  very  muni* -ipalil  \  >h«>ulil 
imiitl:-  v  t-e;ir  lin.  s  that  t  ra  ver-e  t  h"  ^t  reels.  Tin  s^toint  t. » 
tlie  (  ii\  of  1'aii-  Ofl  a  striking-  illustration  of  the  jn'aeti-  al  u-.i-fu!- 

S of  the  -tion.     TheCity.of  I'aris  u\vns  all  its  trainu 

and  i -very  ten  ye;  us  t  he  i-ntii  •  -\  -t.  -u  .  ,1  out  to  the  hi.uli'^i 

ponrfbie  bidder.    The  n-sult  in  that  the  city  reoeires  an  annual 

rental  of  .\IMI.MMM»  tranes;  that  Btreet-COI  tra\.-l  in  1'aii-  i- 
chea[H-r  than  in  any  other  city  in  the  world,  Mid  that  transit  i- 

more  rapiil  and  in  every  w;ty  the  public  is  l»«  ;t«-r  s«r\.«l.  By 
muuieipal  ownership  all  i|iie>tions  of  rapid  transit,  transfers,  et<-., 
WOttld  be  better  solved  in  the  pjihlie  interests  than  is  jM)>sihle 
now.  where  the  profit  of  the  Corporation  ownin-  the  lint  -v  i>  the 
;uair»  i-oiisidcration. 

The  1-  port  i. •eninmcntls  further  that  the  municipality  s 
in  all  eases  own  the  -j;:t^  \\  • ,!  !.  -.  v»  :ii.  r  works  an-1  elect  rie  l 
\vlu-rv\er  tin  y  exist.     The  City  of    Philadelphia   is  cited    in,  sup- 


Library  of  Congress 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


fJ  1  OF  /;/<;  en  II  ;*> 

•.•cnmmcndatioi,  for    the  municipal  .  >u  r,.  r~l,ip  of 

••  l»iiv.  -tor>,,f  th.it  nit.  rpn 

MI:  hi'wiiitf  the   complete  si;  I   (|M.  pl.m. 

It  i  ;!i,  i  in  Npit<>  of  (he  waihbls    which  .it  «,n<-  time  or  Mu- 

ll -I  to  tin'  K;IH  works,  the   j*-ople  ,,f   Philadelphia  have 
•  1  than  would  IK-  ti.-i-    caM  und.-r    pri\ah-  «>u  m  r 
.       'I'l-  h;t«   nv«'ivt'4l     ;i    liaiKl.-xiiiir    M'\r|iUf.  nilil     li:is  IM-- 

.    «      ••  -I  JuM-iiornious  sum  that  would  hare  been  paid  for  the 

.•     ji!:n\-l^   i>rix;>t<>   »-uinpanif*s.     Ju    lln»   matter   of   «.\\»iin^ 

•A  -ri.-. "tl»««  rity  of  Baltimore  M quoted  t«»>h»>\*  tiiat  \sith 
•.  ;  kl  ownerahlp  the  nupp^  of  water  In  far  more  grin-rous, 

i.!\  far  su|M»rior  and  t>\p.  ^so  strikingly  smaller,  and  Uiat  in 
.  l  uM-iK's  o\vir  HUpj  I y  *fpr  sanitary  ami  lin-  i-xtin.L  ui -h 
i.^  out  <*f  all  pr  »n    to  th<>  (M-iti.-s  \\  h.'j-«-  pri 

contn'l  *tlu>   lui   .nrss.     S^iniil.irly   tli««   ar^unn-nt    ) 
I  «iiit  for  rlivtric  li^htin.-:  aiul  for  otlu-r  pnhlic  \\orks.     Tin- 
:;.K(.  v«h< -incut  in  its  tiv.it Tnrut  <>f    tin-  trli-^raph  roni- 
Ll  .ilhulos  in  thr  stroiip-st  lafc/nair*'  t<»  T!M-  -i. -limit  <li.-iv- 
•\\«-st*Tiirnu»ii    T«  l«'^ra[»li    Con»|).in\r   of    tho   onlvrs 

•          .        nances  of  tho  muiiicipaUtiea,  and  iviVrs  to  th»-  - 

t.  nipt  \s  ith  which  the  con^pany  f  HIS  in  Washiup;t»ji  tivat««l  tin* 
.mi  tif  tVtn^i  l>nry  its  wires.  Tho  8t;iU>im-nt  that 

lui!  •>  inij*»-«l«  .-.  ilmir   working  is   (U-im-d  hy  tin- <-oin- 

!  position   is  advaiuvd  l»y  tin1  c-oiunus.sion   that 

•  ittin.ir  of  franchises  to   stn-<-t-<-ar   lim-s,  wat«-r  <'oni|ianii^. 

•;panii\s,  ft*1.,  is  thr  most  fruitful  sonrr<-  o.t    rtirniptimi   in 

:   ii.  - -.a. M.I  < -ounrils.      l^ir-'ly.    it    is    t  laimol.  arr  tin-si-  fran- 

t  li        ^rantedNrithoat  the  expenditure  of  v,»>t  HHUS  of  money 
Lhoee  entitled  to  vott*  away   thos<»  francEisea. 
rork,  ;'IM  «.'onunission  Ix-lirNrs   that   experfence   in 

d  other  cities  amply  pn^  it  the  best  iervk»  can 

l  municipalttiefl  by  idf-ownership of  all  public 

•  ••Tpris-cs  nsin^  t)i»i  b«-d  (.L  thr  stn--  t>  for  tin-  >«T- 

ih.-n  :  nt;d  out  l>y  tin-  municipality  to  iliv  high- 

!.-  hiild<  ; . 
\\  .!>.('.. 


rary  of  Congress. 
-n.  Paoific  City. 


• 

I'  \<  'UK     <  TI'Y. 
Tir  I'-iPM.irv  «M.    i 


,  Nov.   id, 
/•:<///»»/••>/  Tin- -Tint  i;>  i»ihi,\-s : 

'  >  i  and  Schenck,  of  th»-  commission  appoir.Jnl 

isome  time  :ip»  hy  l'i;«    id-  nt  Harrison   t  .   investigate   the       ' 
and  sfilm  as  s  of  Was)'  in^ton  under  an 

mitti-i!   tlirir   n-|>«>rt   to  tln«   rp-siili  nt,    \\vl»o   will    lay   tin*  n-port 
IM  t«.rc  ( 'uu^rt  >-,  ami  r«  <-oinincu<l  that  it  !•«•  printed  for  wide 
tVilmti«m.  r»s  it  <  OIKM-IMIS  «>v<-r\  larm-  municipality  in  tlu-  count f } . 

|;\  j>«  :  r  tlM.u^h'i  an«l  dittcriminatkm who  ha\»'  <-r 

.stihly  i-i  •  -rMtly  to  the  subject,  HhA8  been eeen  that  iindi-r  ]M)liti«-al 
int'tl»"i|-> «  »•  \  man  been  a  sad  and  lamentable  failure ; 

that-  tfiedeao  -.init:iti<»ii.  morals,  c< luration,  ciitcrtainincnt, 

public worki and pubHo einploynentd  in  ritii-;.  <-\.-n  undrr  tin- 
< •oiulitions  «•         .      cnipUiN  ••«!.    ither  in  Europe  or  Anieri< 

Liii^C  in  almost  rvt-i-\  i  -ntial  for  Oorrcet  and  Iiaj»|»y  an<l 
pro -»••  i-t.ns  lif«'  :  and  ut-  an-  »i.«t  ^urpris<-d  tln'rofcn>  to  ^-t-  th«- 
int«-r<->t  that  I'r .  -xl.-nt  Hai  ri-.  .it  ;-nd  sonn- of  the  l«-idin>;  j)ul»li'- 
nit-n.  in  the  Uni1»-d  Stat**-.  are  taking  in  this  diivrtion. 

\\.    i-i  ad.  also,  \vith  j>l«-a  ni«'  in  the  North  Aim-ri'  an   I 

'.iM-r.  lvi»l,  "How  to  Improve  M  uiiicri  pal  Government" 
arti"lt •>.   l»y   tin    mayors  of  four  of  tin-   prominent  < -itir-;   m  t»u, 

nag  rrjMihlir. 

Hon.  Thomas  11.  Mart,  < -x -mayor  of  Boston,  •  Tin-  con 

1  duty  of   the   immediate   futfire.it   .-,eem>  1  >  me,  lie>  n, 
•ion  of  M'mplifyinu;,   improving  and,   perhaps,  en! 
Municipal  ( lov.Tnment.     No  <  -i»        1    t     n,  will  , 
t-rned  that  do.  -,  t;ot    ii:\ite  the   }\\  'alent,   and    that    fail 

!»o.  he  Inchest  inducciiK nt    to   men  of  li^ht  and  l«Mn: 

The  prohl-  ••  ernm«nt,   I    heli<  ve.  ean    n. VT  he  >, 

•  |.f   by  til  If  and   hv  its  h(»me  cit  i 

r.  i  men  of  municipal  duties,  the  latter  should  l»e  ju<  ; 

at  duty  well  discharged  should  tind  ;;.-  ju-t.  r<  \\  ; 


Library  of  Congress. 
t  Owen.  Paoific  City. 


.PACIFIC  CITY  35 

Tfon.  Kol>ert  C.  Davidson,  writes:  "The  c-ily  HhouM  IH»  in- 
vested with  discretionary  powers  for  the  transaction  of  the 
business  to  much  the  same  extent  as  is  allowed  to  private  corpo- 
rations* 

"  There  is  no  reason  why  our  city  governments  should  be 
considered  failures,  and  they  would  not  be  to  considered  if  the 
majority  of  the  people  who  live  in  cities  desired  their  affairs  to 
ln»  conducted  on  the  simple  lines  of  common  sense  ami  prudence 
which;:  re  followed  in  every  branch  of  private  enterprise,  and 
had  tli  y  to  enfonv  tlieir  wishes  ;  but  the  lamentable  truth 

is  that  such  is  not  the  cane. 

••  In  conclusion,  the  whole  question  of  more  efficient  govern- 
ment A\  ill  l>e  solved  when  |>olitics  are  ]M>rmitted  to  have  no  more 
place  in  ihe  management  of  our  cities  than  in  individual  or_cor- 
}K>rate  enterprises*9 

And  Hon.  Chas.  F.  Bishop,  Mayor  of  Buffalo,  puts  himself 
u}K>n  r»  •  ord  in  this  way  :  "The  a  (fairs  of  a  city  are  simply  the 
businc^  <»f  a  great  corporation,  and  should  l>e  adininiKtered  as 
such.  The  memlicrs  of  the  legislative  InMly  or  InMlies  coiLstituto 
the Aboard  of  direct*  »r^,  and  the  people  WSJD  are  the  Kt<H-kholders 
should  exercise  the  same  <  are  in  electing  them  to  secure  com- 
petent and  lit  men  as  they  do  in  choosing  the  officers  and  directors 
of  their  private  cori*', -.J  ions/' 

Now,  what  we  wish  to  say,  particularly  just  now,  is  that  Presi- 
dent Dia/..  in  February, 1890,  anticipated  President  Harrison  in 
the  roromendations  ho  J*  atout  to  make  to  the  people  of  the 
Unite  d  States  and  the  suggestions  so  strongly  presented  by  the 
HOIK irahle  Mayors  alwe  quoted,  in  his  approval  of  the  plan  for 
Paciiir  rity.  which  is  the  first  municipality  in  the  world  ever 
laid  out  scientifically  and  ]>erffct  in  all  its  details  lief  ore  a  house 
u  as  built,  and  which,  at  the  same,  is  to  be  settled  and  controlled, 
entirely  free  from  inrtitics,  by  a  regularly  incorporated  joint 
stock  company. 

The  plan  for  Pacific  City,  on  Topololmmpo  harbor,  in  north 
Sinaloa,  and  the  way  of  how  to  colonize  its  site  ami  to  control  it# 
wat«r  woi'ks,  strwt  cars,  gas,  electricity,  exchanges, 
manufactures,  stores,  farms,  gardens,  parks,  wharves,  etc.,  etc., 
is  the  work  of  Engineer  Owen,  who  has  devoted  twenty  years  to 
the  strdy  of  cities  and  to  their  management.  He  was  city 
engineer  for  Chester,  Pa.;  assisted  to  regulate  a  part  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  has  made  visits  to  the  important  cities  of  Europe 


Library  of  Congress. 
Owen,  Pacific  City. 


CITY. 

and  America  to  perfect  his  studies  of  how  best  to  build  Pacifie 
City,  that  it  may  be  a  model  and  that  it  may  unite  homo,  factory 
and  farm  into  one  cor|M>mtion.  It  is  owing  to  the.  circulation  of 

im-er  Ower'a  book  8,  plans  and  weekly  publications  during 
the  poftt  ten  years  relating  to  Pacific  City  and  to  its  management 
w  hit-  h  have  a  wakened  such  a  deep  interest  in  municipal  reform 
in  the  United  States  ;  and  it  ahould  bo  Mexico's  pride  that  En- 
gineer Owen  ha*  selected  Sinaloain  which  to  erect  his  model  city, 
and  wo  urge  the  representative  men  of  this  republic  to  encourage 
him  in  his  plans,  for  it  will  attract  general  attention  from  the  very 
boat  people  in  the  new  and  the  old  worlds,  and  redound  to  the 
enlightened  and  comprehensive  policy  of  President  Diaz  and  hid 
administration  in  th«  u  commendable  zeal  to  establish  model  in- 
dustrial and  airricuh  ural  colonies  in  the  waste  places  of  Mexico. 

We  s;dut«'  PacitK- City,  the  herald  of  the  dawn  which  will 
usher  in  a  1  natter  idea  of  how  muiiitupalit  i«^  should  be  administered. 

E.  S.  H. 


A   STUDY. 

The  attention  of  friends  is  railed  to  the  article  by  Julian 
Ralph.  "Western  Modes  of  i  'ity  Ma  'lavement,"  in  Harj>er's  for 
April,  '1V2.  Extracts  ar  herewith  given  to  sho\v  tlie  way  the 
best  students  on  city  government  are.  shaping  the  public  mind 
toward  such  a  park  residence  as  we  have  designed  Pacific  City  to 
\H\  It  Ls  hoped  that  all  friends  will  see  the  apt  illustration  be- 
tween the  Rookery  management  and  the  Chicago  mismanage- 
ment and  lH»t\veen  fixed  business  plans  and  no  system  under  the 
control  of  unorganized  citizens. 

A.  K.  OWEN. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  "WF.STKRN  MODES  OF  CITY  MANAGE- 

MENT." 

BY  JULIAN   RALPH. 

One  has  a  feeling  that  the  yonng  Lochinvar  of  perfected  city 
govern  merit  may  yet  come  out  of  the  west.  That  is  where  the 
loves  of  men  for  the  cities  they  li  \*e  in  pass  the  understanding  of 
us  easterners.  That  is  where-  old  traditions  count  for  the  least 
and  (Mitei  prise  and  progress  mark  most  of  the  affairs  of  man. 
^  There  are  signs  of  the  advent,  though  they  are  small  and  weak 


Library  of  Congress 


KTC.  87 

thus  far.  A  study  of  the  subject  in  Chicago,  Minneapolis  and 
St.  Taul  is  a  revelation  of  u  movement  like  that  of  a  band-master's 
ha  ton  along  the  sidt»s  of  a  triangle,  from  mayoral  supremacy  to 
diluted  control  by  commissions,  arid  from  these  to  vicarious 
government  .by  state-  legislature*.  But  the  more  their  cases  aro 
pondered  tho  more  the  wonder  grown  that  those  communities 
should  ho  governed  as  well  as  they  are.  Wo  shall  see  that  they 
offer  rich  ground  for  the  good  »eed  that  is  fa  come;  that  the 
weeds  there  are  fewer  and  less  vicious  than  those  tliat  U'set  our 
own  muni*  ipal  firlds. 

In  the  unrest  and  r-t riving  of  the  western  people  i»  found  the 
hope  that  the  mark  will  yet  be*  reached  by  them.  When  we  con- 
t-ii't  •  how  very  sharp  t'io  struggle  lias  l>een  to  meet  tho  business 
demands  of  a  rapid  national  development;  when  we  realize  how 
nearly  eompli -tely  that  struggle  has  monopolized  every  indi- 
dual's  nttention;  wluMi  we  remember  the  poor  and  mortgaged  be- 
ginning  of  all  the  wesh-rn  districts,  and  realize  that  where  the 
debts  have  disappeared,  the  recollection  of  them  is  yet  vivid — 
then  the  story  of  western  experiment*  in  city  government  will 
find  very  lenient  and  charitable  readers. 

I  see  in  rhi(  ;)-<>  two  communities,  we  will  saj- — one  composed 
of  twelve  hundred  thousand  persons  in  tho  city  at  large,  and  one 
of  four  thousand  men  and  women  in  the  office  building  called 
"The  K<  ikery."  One  body  of  persons  has  its  wants  attended  to 
by  officers  they  elect  for  the  purjxwe;  the  other  Ixxly  relit*  on  a 
syndicate1  of  SJMK  MI  la  tors  to  manage  the  building  in  which  they 
pay  r«-nt,  and  in  which  they  spend  as  many  hours  as  they  give 
to  their  life  in  their  homes.  Why  should  there  be  any  difference 
in  the  temper  and  spirit  in  which  these  two  communities  are 
managed 't  Each  set  of  governors  has  the  same  duties  to  perform. 
Each  must  provide  protection,  drainage,  cleaning,  lighting  and 
varying  conveniences  and  forms  of  attendance.  We  say  that 
there  is  a  different — that  one  i«  a  city  and  the  other  is  a  busi- 

.  Tins  very  devil  must  have  invented  the  difference,  or  put 
the  notion  of  it  in  our  heads,  for  it  has  no  substance;  it  does  not 
appear  unless  we  put  it  there  before  we  go  to  search  for  it.  The 
syndicate  of  business  men  who  manage  the  Rookery  bend  every 
effort  to  make  money.  And  how  ?  By  providing  every  improve- 
ment and  attraction  which,  when  economically  obtained,  will 

e  a  fair  and  legitimate  margin  of  profit  out  of  receipts  that 
are  governed  by  the  charges  for  like  service  in  other  buildings. 
These  receipts  are  what  would  bu  the  taxes  if  the  Rookery  were  a 


I  Library  of  Congress. 


38  EXTk  I:T(\ 

city;  the  profits  would  take  the  form  uf  surplus  in  the  treasury — 
at  least  until  they  were  wisely  h{>ent.  Tho  analogy  never  falter*, 
however  far  we  pursue  it.  The  lkx>kery  managers  gladden  the 
<  ye  with  onyx,  marble  and  bronze,  as  tho  city  fat  hern  treat  their 
tenants  with  parks  and  lakes  and  fountains.  The  Rookery  man- 
agers give  to  their  tenants  the  best  elevator  serviee  ever  vet  de- 
vised in  the  world,  batteries  of  tho  swifted  earn,  some  of  which 
run  as  express  trains,  while  others  stop  at  every  rto0r.  They  con- 
trol these  and  see  that  they  tiro  tho  best,  as  the  city  fathers 
should  control  their  street  railways,  if  they  should  not  own  them. 
The  street  cleaning  department  of  the  Rookery  is  coin[x>sed  of  a 
corps  of  orderly,  respectful,  hard-working,  faithful  nun,  who 
keep  the  dozen  corridors  and  stories  full  of  office*  as  neat  as  tho 
domain  of  a  Dutch  housewife.  The  air  is  not  tainted;  the  litter 
and  rubbish  is  whisked  out  of  sight  with  due  regard  for  decency; 
the  corridors  are  never  torn  up  with  pits  and  trenches  at  times 
when  they  are  in  use.  Alterations  in  the  building  are  made  at 
night,  when  the  work  will-annoy  and  inconvenience  tho  fewest 
tenants.  The  Rookery  water  supply  and  that  which  corresponds 
to  its  sewage  system  are  the  best  that  can  IM?  provided.  In  some 
cities  out  west  I  found  oflice  buildings  where  the  landlords  had 
sunk  artesian  wells  for  pure  water  because  they  believe  the 
water  provided  for  the  people  generally  wan  unfit  to  drink  in  one 
case,  because  it  cost  too  much  in  another.  In  both  instances  the 
jK-ople  of  those  cities  were  scandalously  wronged,  of  course.  To 
return  to  the  Rookery,  tho  building  is  policed  efficiently  without 
the  creation*  of  a  uniformed  class  of  -bullies.  In  short,  itr  is  a 
pleasure  to  visit  such  a  building,  where  every  official  and  ser- 
vant constantly  exhibits  a  desire  to  do  his  duty  and  to  give 
satisfaction. 

I  instance  the  Rookery  building  merely  for  convenience.  I 
might  as  well  have  spoken  of  any  of  the  great  office  buildings  of 
any  of  the  great  cities.  They  are  all  subject  to  the  same  rivalry 
toward  providing  the  most  modem  conveniences  and  the 
most  attractive  and  well-managed  interiors.  I  have  yet 
to  hear  of  one  in  the  management  of  which  politics  plays  the 
slightest  part.  The  owners  do  not  throw  away  money  to 
pay  salaries  to  men  who  do  not  earn  them;  they  do  not  make 
rules  to  please  the  German  tenants  and  then  wink  at  the  viola- 
tion of  them  to  tickle  the  Irish  or  any  other  persons;  they  do  not 
permit  their  servants  to  steal  a  little  of  any  sum  of  money  that 
passes  through  their  hands;  they  do  not  allow  rubbish  or  tilth  to 


Library  of  Congress. 


EXTRACTS,  ETC.  89 

• 

collect  in  the  thoroughfares;  they  do  n%t  recruit  their  forces  of 
servants  witll  tlu«  ncVrnlo-well  or  disreputable  friends  of  men 
who  send  tenants  to  their  buildings;  they  do  not  discharge  all 

ir  trained  help  and  drill  in  a  new  force  biennially;  in  fact, 
tiiey  never  discharge  a  good  servant  or  keep  an  incompetent  one. 
since  the  management  of  a  lot  of  day  time  tenements  is  a  busi- 
ness by  itself,  and  has  no  connection  with  the  Behring  Sea  ques- 
tion or  the  policy  of  trade  relations  with  Australia,  they  do  not 
feel  obliged  to  buy  Democratic  brooms,  or  Republican  coal  or 
Tammany  soap,  unless  those  happen  to  be  the  oest  and  most 
economical  wares.  In  one  respect  they  enjoy  an  immense  ad- 
vantage over  «-\vry  city  government  in  this  country.  They  are 
permitted  to  manage  their  own  businesses.  No  state  legislatures 
are  continually  changing  their  modes  of  conducting  their 
affairs. 

Chicago  does  not  yet  manage  its  district  of  homes  as  the 
landlords  manage  their  districts  of  offices,  but  I  do  not  believe 
that  any  good  reason  can  IR*  given  why  it  should  not  try  to  do 
so,  or  be  permitted  to  try  to.  Nor  do  I  believe  that  there  in  an 
intelligent  man  who  honestly  thinks  the  business  plan  cannot  be 
adopted  with  as  close  an  approach  to  business  results  as  is  pos- 
sible where  the  selfish  and  personal  incentive  to  success  M  luck- 
ing. And  f or  that  may  be  substituted  the  desire  for  honor  and 
public  approbation — powerful  forces  which  have  wrought  won- 
ders in  the  government?  of  Glasgow,  Birmingham,  Sheffield  and 
other  old  world  cities. 

The  city  government  of  Chicago  recalls  that  garment  of 
which  a  humble  poet  has  written  : 

"His  coat  so  large  dat  ho  couldn't  pay  de  tailor, 
And  it  wont  go  half-way  round," 

It  is  a  Josephian  coat  of  many  colors,  made  up  of  patches 
of  county  methods  on  top  of  city  rule.  And  the  patches  are, 
some  o£  them,  far  from  neatly  joined.  Like  the  immortal 
Topey,  it  has  "just  growed."  It  disclosed  at  once  the  worst  and 
the  best  examples  of  management,  the  one  being  so  very  bad  as 
to  seem  like  a  caricature  on  the  most  vicious  systems  elsewhere, 
while  the  other  extreme  copies  that  which  is  the  essence  of  the 
good  work  in  the  best  governed  city  in  the  world.  Chicago, 
therefore,  offers  an  extremely  valuable  opportunity  for  the-  study 
and  comparison  of  municipal  methods  in  general— Harper's  for 
April,  '92. 

I  Library  of  Congress* 


40  SSTRACTS, 

PACIFIC  CITY. 

«  .* 

It  is  to  be  managed  in  much  the  same  way  that  the  German 
cities  are  said  to  l>o  in  the  following  article,  only  Pacific  City  has 
been  laid  out  and  the  plan  has  brcn  approved  by  the  Mexican 
government  before  u  building  was  erect**!,  and  innteiul  of  alder 
men,  Pacific  City  will  be  managed  by  ten  (10)  directors,  elected 
by  the  stockholder,  who  will  be  in  charge  of  ten  (10)  co-ordinate 
departments.  Pacific  City  will  be  a  joint  Bt<»ek  company,  man- 
aged in  a  business  way  in  every  detail,  just  as  a  railroad  is  and 
the  city  propertied  will  IK?  1»  It  distinct  from  the  private  pro]vrties 
and  IK?  held  in  trust  forever  for  the  use  of  the  resident  stock- 
holders. A.  K.  OWEN. 


IN  GKKMAN  CITIES. 


MUNICIPAL  WORK  OF  sriKNCE  REMOTE  FROM  POLITICS. 


In  Germai 
the  science  of 


y,  city  work  is  a  science  as  far  from  politics  as  is 
>nginecring  or  architecture.     Each  wilarted  officer 


is  responsible  for  a  single  department  or  for  several  closely  allied 
parts  of  the  public  business.  He  d<x*s  not  serve  as  do  our  alder- 
men, on  three  br  four  scattered  <  ommittet-s — schools,  licensed  and 
sewers — about \none  of  which  he  has  any  scientific  knowledge. 
H«  is  elected  tj>  his  office  because  of  his  knowledge  and  skill  in  a 
special  field  of  municipal  work  and  takes  charge  of  that  depart- 
ment. 

Thus  city  work  offers  to  a  young  German  a  life  career,  just 
as  railroad  ing -or  manufacturing  does  in  America.  An  educated 
man  makes  a  Special  study  of  water- works  or  building  laws  or 
poor  relief.  He  learns  the  methods  of  the  l>eat  European  cities. 
He  serves  Fus  time  in  the  administration  of  some  small  town  and 
perhaps  gets  a  place  at  the  head  of  his  chosen  department  in  some 
small  city  and  t^ries  to  make  that  department  a  model  of  efficiency 
and  economy :  finally,  he  finds  the  end  of  his  professional  am- 
bition in  being  promoted  to  the  same  work  in  one  of  the  grea t 
eiti<>s  of  the  kingdom.  Here  h<»  has  a  place  *f  dignity  in  the 
scx-ial  world,  and  if  successful,  holds  a  life  office  with  the  assur- 
ance of  a  pension  for  himself  and  his  family. — Professor  P.  G. 
IVahody  in  March  Forum,  1802. 

. 

Library  of  Congress. 


rrJMCTO,  /;/v. 
r\    in     (  IT'Y. 


Tli  L    llo.MK    "I      INK    IM'I  STul'M  s  -vVILI,    IT    Hi:     III   IJ.T? 

While  it  i-  tin-  ili;it  many  plans  have  been  .-tarted  for  build- 
in-  a  .  It)  of  home*  f..r  tin-  p«-opl<  .  that  would  really  he  <  omposcd 
of  homes,  and  not  m< -rel\  abiding  places-  places  simply  of  shelter 
during  the  intervening  hours  \»-\\\ , ,  n  the  close  of  one  day  and 
th«  opening  of  the  next  wear  ;  >1  to  adnc't  that  we  are  atill 

l,K»kin<  for  BUch  *  City ,  one  thai  \\i--ild  ronn>  ii[.to  n'ir  i«l<-ji  of 
\\-hnl  i  n>al  lioino  Hli(»ul«l  IM  .  •  \<  n  nhoiild  it  lw  surr<.nn«lc<!  hy  a 
numl"  r  of  ot!n-r>  ij»  <  1«>  pr  -xiinity,  and  \vfm<««  <x-ciipaiuH  liav»- 
toiiMilitn--  ry  to  tli-ii  r.ui^rc^at.'  to^rtln  r  !  T  puriKWcs  of 

:«1  roninn  i 

T«>  any  thinking  iniml   tliere  can    I..-   no  p><Ml   r-asMii  wliy  a 

hum        ln-iii^  shouUl  n<  i   CJIJMV  ( io^i'.s  )>li-ssin^  of  pure  sunlight 

;iml  i-iijny  tlio  ln-an:  :--s  <,l    natun-  as  sc«-n    in    (lie  grass,  the 

nd ihe'delightfal einj  id-,  while  at.  th"  same  tiruo  h«« 

lit- may  l>c  ohli^nl,  from  force  of  oircoirataneea  to  make  his 
al»o»|e  anion^  the  toilers  in  the  \\.»rk>hop  or  tlu'  w;m>lioii.-f. 
\Vi-!-»-  it  p«!--il»U-  to  combine  the  two  condiiioti^.  tlic  brin^in^ 

:lit-r,.;.  it  \\  ci«  .  t!ie  country  home  and  tli.tt  of  tin*  i-ity  — 
liicmliiiiC  the  tu,»  I.M  mi.- --wuiilil  it  not  he  a  "consummation 
devout  1\  1-.  i»e  \vi-!  wl,"  and  0W  n  prayed  for? 

Wlien   Hi  Younj;,   the  leading  ^»*nius  of  the  Mormon 

•  eil  Salt  Lake  City,  more  than  forty  years  ago,  it 
was  his  intention  to  have  brought  this  aUuit,  as  he  planned  for 
wiii-  Is  and  iai;_re  IniiidiiiK  1°^  for  the  inhabitants.  Tlie 

cit\  bl.H-ks^Mp  made  of  ten  acres  each,  and  the  lots  one  aud  a 
quarter  a«-res  to  ca'-h  person,  ei^ht  on  a  bl(x-k.  The  ntreetn 
iM-tw.-eii  to  be  1^0  te.-t  wid.  :  sha<ie  trees  were  planted  alon^c  eacli 
•walk,  undai-lnwm  of  pure,  sparkling  water  was  made  to 
ilov  :ieir  roots,  tliereby  f iiriiisliin.^  TioiirL^liment  to  the  tr 

and  aeonsUi'it  supply  <>f  that  ino-t  u>.-tul  i-k-ment  to  all  of  the 
dwellers  in  this  paradise  on  earth.  That  it  ha-  .'it  la.*i  failed  to 
r.-ali/e  theexpec!  : '.Hinders  is  due  to  the  f.jct  that  tin' 

r'i<jj,t  (»  'iixjmse  of  tln'ir  A"-1/"  >'  in  ,n,i/  om\  ami  nt  any  time,  in/x 

•  n/r(/  l<>  t/«'  <-ttizcnt<:  and  to-day  \ve  see  the  inevitable  roKult 

eoinin^  to  pass,  tliat  of  squalor,  tilth,  confusion  ami  misery, 

in  place  of  health,  happiness,  rural  beauty,  peace  and  quietness. 

intended  by  that  great  mind,  \\lio  l.-d  the  ^nrople  into  the 

Library  of  Congress^ 
>J  OwAn.    Pftolfirj    C 


w  i  \ •/•/;  icre, 

•  make    il    blos-nti  :  hut   In-  overlooked 

tJie  fact  Hi  >ner  «»r  later .  the  arch  tiend  oi  .  ompi  t  m«»u  would 

I. IN   li-^  hand  u|K>n  them  with  a  touch  of  death. 

\\\\  .    California,   was    laid    out    as  a  eolon\  one 

seventeen  \  ran*  a^o*  with  tin-  soli-  purjM.xeot'  their  building  a  city 
nt  rural  homes  that  would  he  "a  thintf  of  beauty  and  a  joy  for- 
ever," as  it  wen-,  to  all  America.  Tin-  place  \\-as  plotted  in  tr.i<  t-, 
of  t«  n  anvs  each,  and  MO  one  \\as  to  he  allo\v«  d  more  than  one 
tract.  Streets  were  laid  out,  orange  proves  ]»lant4'd.  hmiM-s 
h.iilt,  and  beautiful  shade  tree!  .set  around  them,  (iardcji 
tlowers  were  designed,  \\  itli  line  walks  J»et\veen  the  plants,  and 
evi-r\  tiling  done  to  a^raifi  try  tlie  e\iH'rimeni  of  a  paradise  on 
earth.  It  p»:ik  time  to  cause  tlnwo  uranp'.s  t<-  grow,  howe vet, 
and  in  the  meantime  the  p.  >.plep»t  in  strait .-.  for  the  means  of 
Buhsistence.  an<l  a  cry  v.ent  U]>  of  failure,  want  and  W«H«.  and 
San  Frai'.cisco  was  <"illed  upon  to  <-ontrihute  to  the  sup|M>rt  of 
the^e  ••  fanatics,"  as  they  \vei  ••  called,  for  endea  \  oiin^  to  live  a 
In-tter  life.  Measures  look  in.-;  t  -wards  their  r»  nioval  were  j>ro- 
]x>M'(i,  and  all  the  talk  that  h;i<  heeii  made  aU>ut  the  Sinaloa 
colonists  was  even  made  ahout  t!u»s«'of  liiverside  during  the  lir>t 
few  years  of  its  douhtful  e\i-ience  :  hut  they  continued  to  pei>4 
vere  until  success  at  last  crowned  their  efforts,  ariri  to-day  liiver- 
sid»  is  the  most  l>eautiful  Bpo4  in  the  world. 

Has  Kiverside  then  at  la.-t  li!li-d  the  hill  and  In'come  in  fact 
the  ideal  home  of  the  indust  ri«  -u-  ?  While  th.-ie  we  can  se«-  what 
projMT  forethought  can  do  when  bent  UJMHI  accomplishing  Ji 
directed  result,  M'e  also  see  tl. at  failure  must  at  last  come  evj-n 
OK  it  has  done  in  the  case  of  Salt  Lake,O*u//ro;><  1)<>  /irinci- 

ptilcautu'i  that  of  free  individual  ownership  of  ///<•/<///</,  //,,  (<> 
s<1l  to  any  one,  no  matter  what  the  co;/.sr^»/c/icrx  imti/  he,  in  dm- 
time,  in  uther  citizens. 

Another  factor  in  the  failure  of  Riversi<le  is  the  pi.irnt  one  of 
a  want  of  a  proper  system  <-f  diversilied  indn>tri.-s.  and  so  .it  la^t 
t\w  oninge  rais»»rs  of  that  now  beautiful  plac»-  will  }.,•<-., me  a  [>rey 
to  the.  old  enemy  of  competition  a^ain,  and  il  i,  t  1  from 

themselves  the  people  of  I\i  \  .  ••  -i«ie  will  >•  M  MI  ill  other  cities 

to-«lay  in    the    I'nited    Stales,    hotbed-.   •>!    vice    and   crime. 
Orange  raising  aloiu-  \\  ill  not  make  a  people  rich  or  indc|M-ndcnt; 
and  ere  long  this  now  prosperous  oomm unity  will  feel  the  p, 
Hire  of  outside  combination,  and  land  that  is  now  held  at  sudi 
an  enormous  ti^uie  by  the  j»ie>em    owners   will  eventuallv    \ 
from  them  at  half  tue  price,  oriels,  and  tin  t    mat- 

Library   of  Congress* 


/A  />'.  i;j 

•       -nd  their   control,  as  lhc\  are  jn-.|    ;ii    pi.    ,  m 
in  h'i\cr-ide  as  to  be   unable  I.  ,  ,,iii-  i.im>. 

'HU>  t    tlli-Il     IM-    Marled     Upon     .1       :  ,|     p|  L| 

lire  will  follow  M  in  the  i  the  others.    \\,  h,\.    .,  en  the 

>x    UjHin    winch    all   iitli-Ts   ha\e   !>•  .  n    \\  i.  '  !  -  .1.  ,in.|    \\ ,     must 

•,-1    il    l!'   We    \\<MlM    \\  l^h    for     I  Mi     our    M,-\\    i|e- 

rom  old  methods  of  huildin..   id.  at  m,.  .  <.t    Hi.    iinlus- 

MHISl    IH'Vcf   .|H,»\V     (lit-     «',,Mtr«'l     «,|'     ll-      I.Ui'l      t.i     p.:     - 

!'r«.-  orjt.'i'tt  i«n    in  n*l   />(•//,.     n'lf  <nntiT  form  r, 

"nil.      U.-r.-ni    h.  -    ihr   |0cr«  t.   an<J    IK.  ;_•  i 
am  '  a  s)  M«-in  tliat  i  \ 

I  population  to  do  jtuit  an  the)  j'!«  ••>  •  -A  ith  uhaitln  / 
call  th'    r  o\vn  lan<l:  OF,         tlu-  other  hand,  to  In-  a!l«i\\  »••!  |.i  1. 

iits  \vhi«  )i  thcyd.i  n  .(    possess,  a.s  \\  «•  .-•«•  «!• 
irrt'sjK)ii>:i.li'    town    p.. .pic    in  .\.-ry   j».irt   (»t   the 

.  .'  •    . 

ilic  (,'it y  <  :»n  prot  I  l»\    all   th.     partial   c\ani}»lcs.    j->rtiicy 

ixil  partial.  "-«•(  l»y  >u    h  |ilac«->   a^  >.Jt    l.ak«    <   ity,    KIM  rMiic. 

I'ull'nan,    l'v>r-l  (  ity   an«l   oth.-r>,  \\  i  •  Die  liitlo  attempt    ha- 

:i  made  to  n»auuiirat.    a   proper  v.  .«\    r->  live   in    t  '/'//»*•• 

's  jn-i,r,'    (lutt    MI//M  fhim/  •"»   /-    <i*nu' ;   tin  n    H'hy   not  ( //<- 

o//  /'/i  (it'hif'vc  .*>•• 

\\" .    A .    M « •  K  ; 


NOTICK. 
toastud\  of  Pacific  City ,  which  will  be 


|Ullili:sli»-<l  in  llii.-.  i-v-m'  of  '/'/,••  li,t«trul  (  ' 
what  ;i  corjH.  ration  lias  <lon«j  at  KOI  1  City.  li«»w  much  l>ctt<r  is 
V  f'-r  all  i'oinvrm-1  to  lia\«-  a  luisin  ffl  coinpanv  to  nianaue  a  com- 
munity than  a  set  of  wran^lin^  «>">•  un<h'ci<le<l  politicians  vs  ho 
never  are  sure  of  U-in^;  in  power  long  enough  to  «!<»  anythin. 

t.»  ,s«M-ifty  evi'ii  lia^l  they  the  best  intt'iition^  and   tlie  hi;:. 
h  rains. 

I'lt-anf   not*«   this  iiii)K)rtant   ia«-t   that    Ford  City  i--   a    eom- 
inutiitv  \vhere  the  people  ai  c  brought  to-ether  to  rTi^:<j,<-   in  on,- 

iij>atiori  alone  -that  <>f  the  maiiufa.  ture  ot  plat«-  j;la>s.  and 
then  try  t<»  inui>;inr.  if  you  can.  what  ini^lit  he  the  result  in 
i-'orvl  City  was  it  urgauizcd  u^ioa  thu  priuvipk-&  oi  equity  iur  all 


Library  of  Congress. 


44  rojzocnr. 


its  oittan*  instead  of  ii|x»n  the  basis  of  p"  'lit  for  a  tV\v  ] 
who  doubtless  live  :iiid  spend  their  money   in   other  places  li 
where  and  among  UUKM*  who  make  it  i  -r  th«-in. 

Such  an  object  les^tn  as  Ford  Cily   .should  go  far  to  e.lueato 
us  to  what  great  results  we  haxe  in  store  for  oiirsehrs  when  wo 
.  airy    into  execution  our  plans  in  Sinaloa  to  unite  city,  farm, 
factory  and  cxehanj---  into  one  romj»any  and  to  t-inploy  ouiv«-i- 
and  our  money  in  all  that  i.-^  d-mr.     A  lia]»}>>  NYw  V«-ar  to  all. 

ALUKUT  K.  OWEN. 
:!0th,  1SJM). 


FORD  CITY. 

AN  INTKRKSTINO    rKNNSYLVAMA   TOWN  OF    ^,500  PEOPLF,,   oWMD 
BY   A  BIO  PLATK    GLASS    CORl'i  "  \TiOIS 1    -liVIDENTLY   A    HAPPY 

rc.MMl   MTV. 

I*lTTSBURa,  Dt'<-«'inlM  r  'J '..  1MH). — One  of  tho  moHt  interesting 
communities  in  western  IVnnsylvania  is  Ford  City.  A  town 
that  is  l>uilt,  owned  and  exclusive  iy  corn  rolled  l>v  a  inanufaetur- 
ing  rnr]N>ration  can  scarcely  !>«•  said  to  !>«•  a  stn-ial  i*x{iorimeii(-.  for 
there  are  several  such  ]>la<vs  in  the  lTnit^«l  States.  But  at  this 
time  Ford  City  may  IM>  considered  a  social  '-urioMtv.  The  town 
is  in  Armstrong  county,  forty  miles  from  Tittslmrg.  It  has  a 
imputation  of  p^rhftpe ^»500 souls,  and  the  entire  place  i,s  owmnl 
by  the  Pittsburg  IMate  (Jlas6  Cbvnpany,  whOM  extensive  works 
are  located  there. 

The  houses  for  the  jn-ople  ;ire  all  of  the  U-st  class,  both  brick 
and  frame.  The  company  o\\  ns  them  and  will  not  sell  a  single 
<  .ie,  but  all  are  rented  at  from  $5  k>  $1*0  per  month.  The  com- 
pany owns  all  the  public  buildings  including  the  hotel,  stores, 
hiillri  and  poet-office.  Included  in  these  are  reading  rooms,  gym- 
nasiums, and  offices  for  th»-  ui-e  <»f  the  public. 

The  policy  of  Armstrong  county  jud.Lr*^  a  few  years  ago,  in 
refusing  to  grant  liquor  licenses,  was  one  of  the  chief  things  that 
decided  the  venerable  ( 'aptain  Ford  to  purchase  two  farms  from 
Messrs.  Graft  and  Montgomery  below  Kittanning.  and  build  the 
town  of  Ford  City.  He  argued  that  the  company  would  have 
less  trouble  with  their  workmen  in  a  place  where  liquor  could 
not  be  had.  lie  believed  they  would  do  better  work  and  u>e 
their  salaries  to  letter  advantage  where  they  were  not  tempted 
to  loaf  in  saloons. 


Library  of  Congress, 


wei>c/rr:  45 

<•   of  till  I-,   M  WHir!\    in    !-Wd    t  i  '-lo|H'd, 

•  nt«-d    by  BOpfe   to    w  I    th«-ir  htimulant> 

i  imi  tlu-v  Mim^rl.-d  into  lli«- 

ii'pior  I1  nt.  <l.      The   plah-   v.!  Mpany    d. 

.  the.se  Hubs.  and  s  t  th«-m  build" 

I   their  membership.     'linvriii  >iili>  ago   I', 
dfii1  iioti.-e  to   tli«'    laht    r«-'i.  Iwrr   rhih 

-iisl».iiid--d  \\itliin  t!nr«-  days,  the  building  the) 
;••   bom  down  OTer  their  headu,     The)  di  i-.-id^d, 

id  tin  Iii|ii4>r  at  all  in   Kunli'itx.     In   tin-  oj.. 
li<ms<     howling  al!«iy   and   gjmnMiuin   I!HTC  i.-    no  JM-<,|    rt.nni  or 

• 

company  donat-  d   tin-   s*  -liool   hous.-  t..   (ho  t«»\\nship  mi 
ion  that  school  sh>  'dd  IM-  tun-lit  t!i<-rc  nin<  :i:td  t«-ti  inontli^. 
B     uMud  in  thf  i-ountry.    Tin-  roadm--  nmru  is  fairlv 
\\-<-ll    ;Mtroni/.^L      Ir  i          -vh'ani:i.  on;   idc  of  tin-  Uii 

o»  nioiv  romp.  in    IH>  f<  nnd    than   that  of 

their  Methodist  Episcopal  church^     It  ^as  built  «>l   hrick  and  cn- 

t«-rl»y  Mr-;.  <  'aptain  !'"i'd.  \\it\-of   th«-   hMindcrof   th»- 

I'lat.-  (.!a->  \\  01  -k.-.      Adjoining  it  is  a   passage  \\hi«-h 

\N  as  l>ni:t  and  paid  for  )»y  h  d  l-'oi-!    I'rcsidi-nt  t>f  tin- 

Those  t\vo  buildings  \\  -  n-  t  h»  n  «ion;i(«-d  i.y  Ifn.   I  i.rd 

and  M    to  th'     '•'iitsluirtf  (  \uif.-ri-iM  «•  «-f  tin-   M.  K.  Clinn-h. 

\%  !i  <•    ot'    d«!-(    ;md    <••  »nditions.      |-'.\«-ry    nii-inlMT   in    that 

8    woritnian   in    th«-  ^lass   \vt>rks.      I'l-aciirally   no  <.n»- 

.M    I  ;  :  :     .  V     rk&M  n.       !        r\    «>(H'   ol'    the 

ni\-fi\-«-p-  nt  ly  i-«>n\  .-t  t.-d  in  the  revival  still  K°iji^ 

on  th»-r<>  is  »-ith«T  a  \\oikinaJi  in  a  f  ir!..ry  or  a  nu  inh«  r  «.i  a 
\M-tk,.  iniil\. 

Th'  i<'atholi<-  finirch  in   tin?   to\vn.     Tin«  <  oinpany 

<lonat<<!  tl  :n«l  on  \vhicli   t!i<-  pn  i  a  inodc^t  huild- 

TiM'ir  mnir.vpition    is  small.    !»ut  .  th«-   prii    :    is  doinur  ^«»oi| 

\VOI 

The  jn-opl,-  (.f  Ft»rd  City  live  \\cll.     'i  of   MI*.  rt 

to  10  <-«-nts  a  pound,  and  it  i^  said  that  ln-loiv  !lu-  c.nnpany 

vrould  rent  a  butclier  d»«  hint  a^rri»e  to  s«-il  m.-at 

lo\ver   than  at    Kittannin^.     rr<Hlu*-e,   clothing    and 

•11    e<jiially    rlu-ap.      Th^-  gem  ral  <.p.-rat«-d    by 

ndoft]    capital,    thonxh    th-  of   <  oun-i\  n-nt    (he 

buildings  from  th«  company.     A.ccountia  ai-e  all  paid 

u>ti  re  by  the  M  a  out  of  tlu-ir  money.     The  contpan  j 

•  lothtn     about  th«>  jUTount  •  rkntanat  this>tor.-.    Jn 


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i>i:.\rn  // 

t\\\x   rcspei  t    it    \\idely    differs   from    the    obnoxious    "C 
8toi'<  'em  of  mining  and  other  manufacturing  towns. 

There  is  only  one  thmtf  that  Ford  City  is  not  yet  I>o8s<'sscd  of. 
That  iti  a  cemet-  « \ .  Thus  far  there  has  been  no  iiee.l  ,,f  ,,?»«-. 
The  people  are  remarkably  healthy.  As  a  great  man,  of  the 
workmen  that  live  here  are  foreigners  \\ith  large  families  and 
continental  ways  of  living,  this  condition  of  things  In-coines  the 
more  surprising.  Inquiry  fails  to  shosv  a  single  serious  sanitary 
fault  in  the  whole  history  of  the  town.  Oue  woman  has  the 
Ibtory  that  the,  phenomenal  Itealth  of  tlie  community  is  due  in 
part  to  the.  lar^e  amount  of  c«.]H»ra8  used  in  the  manufacture  arid 
finish  of  plato  glass.  This  may  or  may  not  be  tae  case,  hut  cer- 
tainly the  public  health  is  also  benefited  by  the  u  arm,  nxnny  and 
substantial  housen  provided  for  the  jn'oplc,  and  by  the  abundance 
of  food  at  cheap  prices.  At  any  rate,  the  compary  Inis  not  yet 
had  occasion  to  add  a  grave-yard  to  their  unique  city  on  the 
shore  of  the  Allegheny. 


A  DESERT  DEATH  IN  CITIES  PENT. 


Victor  Hugo  wrote  nothing  more  powerful  in  its  appeal  to 
the  imagination  than  the  pariKago:  with  which  his  romances  are 
thick  sown,  in  which  he  likens  the  vast  expanses  of  a  great  city 
to  the  untro<l  recesses  of  nature.  A  city,  ton,  he  says  more  than 
once,  has  its  defiles  and  its  fastPOQPC.s,  its  deserts  in  which  men 
starve,  its  quicksands  in  which  they  perish,  its  forest  labyrinths 
and  its  oj>en  grades,  mountain  c-rags  where  men  dwell  apart  in 
the  summit  of  great  buildings,  di/./y  lieiglits  pass«Ml  by  thousiinds 
and  waled  by  none,  and  'through  this  all  courses  and  rushes  the 
great  river  of  human  life,  fertilizing  and,  destroying,  roaring  in 
the  rapids  of  riot  and  inob,  crashing  down  in  great  cataclysnw 
which  outdo  Niagara,  and  spreading  serene,  l>eautiful  and  un- 
troubled in  days  of  peace  and  prosperity,  glassing  heaven's  rest 
in  its  own  calm. 

In  the  seethe  of  New  York,  which  is  all  this  and  more, 
Harry  Quill's  mother  missed  him  two  months  ago.  Young, 
strong,  fifteen,  up  to  a  man's  work  but  still  fond  of  a  boy's  play, 
he  dropped  Ottt  of  the  life  of  a  tenement  house  as  a  man  Blips 
from  the  rail  of  a  vessel  on  a  dark  ni^ht  and  makes  no  splash  ill 
the  dark,  oily  water.  The  mother  waited. 

1  Library  of  Congress. 


P-  i/.  rO-O)  ERATION 

one    .  M.  i  o\ .  r    i .  i,:ht    in 

•n    in    the    (em  in. 'nt     hou...c    pla\;;round    of     flat     f.. 
i  s.jiia  round  al'.'Ut  b\   the  <an\ou  cha.-i;' 

iily  one   hulking   boy    less  where  there  \\ 
.  inanx    for  tin-  chiin-  d    the   Ipfti  .     between,  OTOr 

\\hi.h,  •  »  ba  >••  u  .1^  dail\   run.  with    houn  ,/cHKUci. 

mtain     cliuil»crs      n  member    and     ten*  menl     hoii-e    chi!dr«  n 

past  his  ol.l    i  -lax-mates  have  dare.l  c.-n-h  other  to  ap- 

M    ll    tl««  -toM'hollSI-    \\ji<>>(.    tl.H     ,,,,,f    \v;,^   the 

\v  idest,  least  chimnit  d  d   and    roped   and  s«  utt«-d  in  all 

the  square.       \\hen    the  -iin    \\  as   I'M.  lit    and   the   whistles  v    -nv 

for  noon  and  tin   shadows  were  fthort<*it.Jl  w  ihlc 

at    the   bott(»m   of   the  shaft    the  dun   outline   of  ;i   .shabby 

heap  of   -pread  and    flatt.    "•«!   clothe^.     The  chil<lr«  ii    talked,  bn', 

childtct,  s  talk   is  eh.  ap   i-i   a   tenement    house.     Nothing  el 

the   < -hildrcn.   t<Mldlej's  and   all,    p««n-d   anilni.- 
tl  •  t  M  children  \will.      Last  Sunda\      in   a    t.'nement  hou^. 

IH  «>nly   t-ine  on  Sundays     sonn!..-dy    N»  •  tit   fishing  <»n   the 
t '  do\\  n  the  air  shall,      f'ish    hooks  broke  an!  cord.-,  snapped; 
but  the  ^.  -i'tl,  -art  of  an^lin^r  was  plied    with   a    <  otton  hook,  the 

:id  the   dead  bclo\\  .  and  the  end  of  it 
that  1 1  .    lill  had  h:.-  funeral. 

.Men  die  ills,    that    in   the  wilderness,   alone      mi    ;    l"d,   i:-;i-p- 

iiU'  in  a    LI-T    l.n.l^    agony;  but   was   th-  ;    grimmer  j'root 

that  tlu-se   ^re-it   d«—  rtfl   of   luimanity    \v  e  call  eities  iiave   their 

rt    deaths'     Some.   too.  are  slower,   less  merciful  and   more 

awful  than  th<   air-shaft  ^a\e  JIarry 

Tin    /V..X.S.  rjn'i'ni.-ljthiti.  April  /;, 


^INTEGRAL  GO-OPERATION. 


\     M.     MIL1,S. 


In  tlie  inniiiiH  ral'l'-  discoverie-  «•!'  new  inetlnxls  of  nature,  by 

[forntcience   -uch  as  th«    USM*  of    -:    tin,  ele  ;i-i<  ity.  ehem 

for-  ,  the  -  lias   aKo          n  enriched  by 

niuueroiis  contributions   looking   t<>   the   nuiov.d   of  the  friction 

injustice    tliaL    eh;;  -eial  life    of    the    human 

family. 


Library  of  Congress. 


4$  IXTBORAL 

It  in  beginning  to  be  realized  that  natural  JHWH  exist  which 
cover  all  the  jKWHible  relation*  of  human  Iwings  without  pitting 
the  interest  of  one  againHt  another  or  violating  the  rights  of  any. 

In  the  primitive  Social  Ordi  r  the  welfare  and  sustenance  of 
the  family  was  the  chief  concern  of  all  its  members.  From  it 
the  great  teachers  of  the  race  evidently  deriv  d  "The  Golden 
Rule,"  "Do  unto  others  as  ye  would  have  them  do  unto  you,"  and 
vice  versa. 

The  increase  of  families  evolved  tribes  and  the  increase  of 
tribes  developed  "the  struggle  for  existence"  that  evolved  the 
faculties  of  mobility,  aversion  and  destruction,  w' ieh  arc  dom- 
inant in  beasts  of  prey. 

These  faculties  *•  at  urally  instituted  the  brute  instinct  of  com- 
petition for  the  humane  law  of  fraternity.  Selfishness  super- 
ceded  the  fraternal  ties  of  nature,  and  frequent  change  of 
locality,  caused  by  the  law  of  necessity,  i>eri>etuated  its  domin- 
ance in  society. 

But  this  great  law  of  human  nature  could  not  be  wholly 
ignored.  The  great  predatory  tribes  were  compelled  to  fraternize 
for  mutual  protection  and  aggressive  warfare,  and  thus  nations 
were  evolved  and  these  developed  civilizations. 

The  Social  Order  of  civilism  is  every  where  and  in  all  ages  the 
cmitureof  environment  and  expediency.  Its  institutions  have 
grown  out  of  the  naii. i-al  instincts  of  the  race,  spurred  into  the 
activities  of  national  life  by  the  law  of  self-pn  ser\  ation. 

It  compels  civility  while  it  develop  social  caste  and  ab- 
solutism. "Might  makes  right,"  and  under  By  stems  of  en  font  -d 
industrial  co-operation,  wealth  is  increased  and  the  prosperity  of 
the  nation  is  assure*  I. 

This  develops  the  faculties  of  economy,  reserve  and  defence 
and  these  evolve  censor  vutwrn.  Power,  war  and  wealth  measure 
national  greatness ;  wealth  L)  the  prerogative  of  the  few  and  com- 
mon poverty  enslaves  the  many. 

There  has  never  been  known  in  civilism  "a  government  of 
the  people,  for  the  people  and  by  the  people."  In  this  country  it 
is  supposed  that  "the  sovereign  power  is  exercised  by  representa- 
tives elected  by  the  people."  This  is  not  true.  Only  male  citi- 
zens vote,  and  their  chosen  representatives  are  not  a  sovereign 
power.  The  Senate,  Executive  and  Judiciary  can  annul  or 
neutralize  their  enactments. 

The  people  have  no  vested  righte.  They  barely  exist  as  the 
wage-slaves  of  employers,  known  :^i  "business  enterprises."  The 


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,. .         .'^HBnHBMHHft. 

'.  f  O-OPERAT&X  49 

ownership  mill  < •«  nt  n»!  ,»f  all  accumulated  wealth  in  vested  in  the 
privileged  classes  who  make  and  enforce  the  laws. 

Public,  utilities,  mediums  of  exchange,  machinery,  inven- 
ii.-ii-s,  lands,  I  -'Hidings,  factories,  product*,  comi  nodi  ties,  in  short, 

whole  working  force  of  the  nation  and  the  control  of  the 
labor  force,  both  muscle  and  brain,  are  in  the  hands  of  the  few 

i  in  our  beautiful  land,  making  a  sum  total  of  despotic 
power  truly  appalling. 

It  is  a  dangerous  social  polity  tliat  breeds  a  dependent  popu- 
lation, whose  only  rallying  cry  tea  frenzied  demand  of  the  riding 
clashes  for  "work  or  bread."  In  the  present  juncture  of  Mi  man 
affairs,  it  is  madness  for  an  Obligarchy  to  hope  to  perpetuate  the 
subjugation  of  a  progressive,  intelligent  people.  Ly  repressive 
enactment*,  and  enforced  poverty  maintained  by  an 
artificial  manipulation  of  the  products  of  their  industry. 

The  three  great  departments  of  our  "Social  Order"  are  Legis- 
lative, Executive  and  Judicial,  but  the  more  intelligent  of  the 
people  demand  a  recognition  of  "the  wants"  of  humanity  to 
supersede  this  abnormal  social  polity,  intuitively  perceiving  that 
these  subjugating  forces  will  be  out  of  place  in  a  normal  Social 
Order. 

It  is  now  conceded  by  the  best  authorities  on  "Political 
Economy"  that  "the  wants  of  the  }>eople  are  the  only  true  and 
natural  foundations  of  society." 

"These  wants  are  intellectual,  social  and  industrial.  They 
arise  from  the  three  great  divisions  of  human  nature — intellect, 
affection  and  volition." 

Integral    co-operation    is    the    antithesis    of    civilism.     It 

makes  the  selfish  antagonism  of   interests  inoperative,  by  the 

[  equitable  adjustment  of  mutual  dependencies,  thus  doing  away 

with  tl  I  of  arbitrary  written  laws.    It  renounces  the  dom- 

•   illation  of  a  few  of  the  faculties  of  man  for  the  organized  exercise 

[  of  the  whole.    The  laws  that  control  the  community  are  innate 

in  the  "Social  Organism,"  acting  as  naturally  as  do  the  laws  of 

the  physical  body.   They  meet  all  the  normal  wants  of  the  people 

without  friction,  securing  to  each  member  of  the  community  an 

opportunity  t<>  ;«•  t  according  to  his  or  her  best  ability.    Integral 

i  co-operation  naturally  supeivedes  civilism  as  the  development  of 

the  race  unfolds  individualism,  and  man  ceases  to  be  either  one 

•  'the  in  <  »r  of  the  mud-sills  of  society.   Each  person  when 

doped  becomes  an  integrant  part  of  the  "social  body."  Each 
individual  is  naturally  devoted  to  the  trade,  business  or  profession 


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60  INTEGRAL  COO I'KH. \TH>\ 

for  which  lie  or  oh**  has  a  8i>eciul  aptitude,  and  independent  upon 
all  the  others  for  what  he  or  sho  does  not  rrento.  This  in  indus- 
trious individualism.  "It  increases  mutual  dependence  and  <!«•- 
velops  social  unity." 

By  integral  co-operation  they  provide  for  tfee  united  action 
of  these  dependent  interests,  making  the  mighty  law  of  inter- 
dependence the  corner-stone  of  "The  Sorial  Order."  In  striet 
equity  the  land  and  natural  resources  of  the  country  are  the 
common  property  of  all  the  people,  and  therefore  the  title  in  fee 
simple  thereto  should  be  vested  in  "the  Coporate  Body,"  of  which 
every  member  of  the  community  is  a  shareholder. 

Its  appropriation  by  the  individual  must  be  for  development 
'  and  use.  These  "uses"  are  individual  property,  private  or  associ- 
isted  as  the  case  may  be.  In  civilism  the  laws  of  equity  in  these 
matters  are  but  little  regarded.  The  difference  in  the  productive 
value  of  lands  is  immense,  and  the  same  inequality  in  the  pro- 
ductive capacity  of  individuals  relatively,  also  exists. 

Therefore,  under  the  law  of  competition,  equity  between  in- 
dividuals is  impossible,  and  unless  we  can  solve  this  difficulty 
true  equity  must  forever  be  a  myth.  In  the  present  status  of  the 
race  there  is  but  one  way  to  practically  overcome  it.  As  in  the 
corporate  ownership  and  control  of  land,  the  same  laws  must  be 
applied  to  the  working  force  of  the  community.  Every  member 
of  the  community  must  own  one  or  more  shares  in  the 
working  force  of  'the  coporation,  and  every  dollar  thus  invested 
must  be  accredited  to  the  individual  investing  it  as  associated  in- 
dividual property.  But  the  labor  force,  of  both  muscle  and 
brain,  must  always  be  regarded  as  private  individual  property 
and  be  paid  for  accordingly. 

The  product*  of  industry  result  from  the  combined  labors 
and  ( aj>acitie8  of  many  individuals  and  are  therefore  naturally 
associated  individual  property.  The  relative  value  of  individual 
capacity,  in  a  transition  epoch  like  the  present,  is  constantly 
changing.  The  value  of  the  labor  force  of  muscle  is  already 
minimized  by  the  labor  force  of  the  brain,  and  the  consequent 
immense- increase  of  products  and  commodities  through  the  use 
of  machinery,  and  the  utilizing  of  steam,  electricity,  chemical 
forces,  etc. 

Even  the  sunlight  has  largely  superceded  the  limner's  pencil  in 
the  studio?  of  art,  and  the  products  of  applied  chemistry  are  of 
more  real  value  than  "the  gold  ophir"  or  the  long  sought  for 
"philosopher's  stone"  that  was  to  turn  the  baser  metals  into  gold. 

|  Library  of  Congress. 


• 
INTEGRAL  CO-OPERATION  51 

Common  clay  Is  made  to  yield  a  more  valuable  and  useful  metal 
than  gold  by  the  combined  labors  of  brain  and  brawn,  and 
already  "the  Aluminum  Ag«"  is  nearly  evolved  that  is  to  revolu- 
tionise **the  Age  of  Iron."  The  rapid  absorption  of  all  this  ac- 
cumulating Wealth  by  the  scheming  brains  of  the  monopolizing 
few,  who  are  every whore  forming  "Trusts,"  whole  millions  of 
money  are  counted  in  huge  blocks  of  stock  which  represents  the 
concentration  of  all  productive  wealth  in  the  hands  of  specula- 
tors, should  leave  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of  integral  co-operators 
as  to  the  wisest  course  to  pursue  in  organizing  "the  Social 
Order"  they  are  about  to  inaugurate  in  Sinaloa,  Mexico. 

We  cannot  hope  with  one  stride  to  reach  the  outcome  of  our 
social  revolution  pictured  in  Bellamy's  "Looking  Backward." 
We  are  looking  forward  and  must  be  very  careful  lest  we  make 
a  serious  mistake  and  fail  as  have  many  others.  Every  advance 
made  in  Mexico  should  be  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  universal 
wants  of  humanity  HO  as  to  fit  in  perfectly  with  every  other  co- 
ojiorative  movement  in  any  part  of  the  world.  The  natural  laws 
of  our  common  nature  demand  it.  The  few  Who  own  and  con- 
trol the  world  do  so  by  virtue  of  the  law  of  "the  aggregation  and 
combination  of  forces."  Despotism  would  die  of-  inanition  were 
it  not  for  this  mighty  enginery  of  all  the  elements  of  success  be- 
hind it,  pushing  it  upward  and  forward,  utterly  regardless  of 
those  who  may  be  crushed  by  its  onward  course. 

The  mighty  power  of  the  people,  intelligently  organized  and 
incorjH>rated  to  do  all  this  for  themselves,  would  l>e  a  far  greater 
power  for  the  production  of  wealth  than  is  the  combined  capital 
of  plutocracy. 

It  concentrates  all  the  elements  of  success  in  the  people.  It 
controls  both  production  and  consumption  in  the  interests  of  all, 
regulating  distribution  equitably  according  to  the  natural  laws 
of  supply  and  demand,  and  ^"'.th  its  surplus  products  and  com- 
modities exchanged  oomr  n  Ally  for  the  rare  products  of  other 
climes  and  countries,  i  .n?gets  natural  "reciprocity"  with  ail 
na  t ions  on  the  basis  of  tu«  Laws  of  independence  and  mutual  in- 
terests, accompli*] dug  these  important  results,  according  to  strict 
business  methods  with  the  most  simple  of  all  organized  social  or- 
ganic forces,  viz :  that  of  authorized  directors  and  superintend- 
ents utterly  without  arbitrary  power. 

Tli us  simply  can  a  normal  "Social  Organism"  tx>  established, 
* -curing  to  all  people  "liberty  based  on  natural  laws,  and  orderly 
i>  -ntrol  without  oppression."  Doing  away  with  the  necessity  for 

j 
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arbitrary  written  laws  and  judicial  authorities,  by  vesting  the 
supreme  ]>o\ver  in  the  people.  Such  a  nation  united  integrally 
will  command  the  respect  of  the  world. 

But  tho  industrial  department  of  the  Social  Organism,  comr 
pricing  directors,  labor,  commerce  and  wealth,  though  indispens- 
able to  tho  well-being  of  the  community,  is  but  one  of  the  three 
great  departments  of  a  normal  social  order. 

The  human  being  is  both  intellectual  and  affectioruil  in  its 
nature,  and  the  long  repressed  "wants"  arming  from  these 
faculties  cannot  be  disregarded  and  the  welfare  of  society  as- 
sured. 

For  all  the  wants  of  the  ]>eople  are  centered  in  these,  and  it 
is  of  the  utmost  importance  ihat,  1 1 iey  become  an  organised  part 
of  the  social  system.  The  social  faculties  are  almost  fourfold. 
They  com  prise,  Home,  Family.  Marriage  and  Religion.  The  fam- 
ily is  the  root  of  all  society.  "Religion  has  played  an  important 
part  in  the  development  of  the  race  in  all  ages  and  among  all 
nations.  Hence,  we  may  conclude  that  the  laws  of  religion  exist 
as  an  inherent  part  of  the  human  constitution  and  are  not  im- 
posed upon  man  by  a  suj>erior  being.  They  establish  the  unity 
of  the  human  being  with  the  spiritual  life  of  the  universe,  their 
interpretation  is  only  through  the  methods  of  science,  and  they 
must  reach  their  final  expression  in  the  reign  of  universal  truth, 
justice  and  peao-." 

The  central  principle  of  religion  is  love.  Not  as  a  weak, 
maudlin  sentiment,  but  a  positive,  living,  active  principle,  ruling 
first  in  the  individual  life,  imparting  a  sacred  regard  for  the  rule 
of  right  in  all  things.  Conjugal  fidelity  and  parental  responsi- 
bility in  a  religious  sense  are  cardinal  virtues,  without  which 
society  would  degenerate  and  the  people  would  become  inhuman 
monsters.  Marriage  and  devotion  to  the  home  and  family  are 
supreme  and  all  else  exists  for  these  sacred  auVctioiuil  ties.  "The 
Golden  Rule  of  Life/1  "Do  unto  others  a$  ye  would  they  should 
do  unto  you,"  the  true  religious  instinct  makes  binding  upon 
every  member  of  the  community  and  vice  versa.  Evade  it  as 
men  have  practically,  every  human  being  naturally  acknowl- 
edges its  justice  and  equity. 

No  wiser  political  axiom  was  ever  enunciated,  and  it  is  only 
in  an  integral  co-operative  Social  Order  that  it  can  be  made 
practical  and  society  can  command  its  outward  observance. 

Home  is  indeed  an  inspirational  word.  Husband,  wife, 
parents  and  children!  All  that  is  human  in  the  race  responds  to 

T.-tbrarv  of  Congress. 


theao  magic  words.  "The  household  gods  of  the  ancients  were 
the  images  of  their  ancestors."  The  hierarchies  and  priesthoods 
i if  the  world  were  built  u|xm  thig  natural  religious  reverence  for 
parents  su|>criorsand  country,  and  as  In  the  induHtriai  depart- 
ment of  Social  Order,  mind  and  body  were  the  more  easily  en- 
ttlaved  M  hen  subjected  to  the  stronger  will  of  their  tyrants,  if 
only  they  might  provide  for  their  loved  ones  tlie  means  of  living 
Here  and  hereafter.  There  is  something  exoe  dingly  pathetic  in 
this  early  submission  and  sublime  faith  in  their  religious  and  in- 
dustrial tyrants. 

freed*,  dogmas,  wvtH,  primthoods,  temples,  riten  and  cere- 
monies,, religiuim  hierarchies,  all  the.  paraphernalia,  of  divine 
worship  um  the  relics  of  the  sujHTstitioii  that  ruled  the  world 
when  the  infantile'  tnind  of  the  race  first  liegnn  to  reach  out 
dnmhly  In-yond  iU  immediate  surroundings  for  a  larger  and  het- 
ter  life. 

t  us  bo  gentle  and  kind,  but  firm,  with  any  who  have  not 
outgrown  these  puerile  ideas  of  religion,  but  never  under  any  cir- 
cumstance can  we  ]>erinit  them  to  gain  a  foothold  in  the  snialleot 
fee  as  one  of  our  institutions.  An  integral  co-operative  com- 
munity will  commit  suicide  when  it  yields  to  a  specious,  delusive 
sentiment  of  charity,  its  vital  busiiu*sa  principles  of  life  and 
a«-t  ii»n  as  a  social  body.  But  without  wisdom  maii'will  go  astray, 
and,  do  the  liest  we  may,  will  struggle*  on  blindly  in  the  bewilder- 
ing maze  of  difUculties  that  enmeshes  him  until  reason  and  com- 
mon sensM*  comes  to  the  rescue,  and  we  learn  to  look  within  our 
own  organism  for  the  *•  Deity"  that  is  to  enfranchise  and  set  us 
fne.  Therefore  the  intellectual  department  of  the  Social  Order 
is  all-important  in  a  normally  organized  community. 

This  comprises  art,  letters,  science  and  culture.  The  wants 
arising  from  these  faculties  are  also  universal. 

Separate  the  affectional  and  industrial  departments  from  the 
intellectual  in  the  Social  Order,  and  its  partial  development 
makes  niqji  self-opinionat*?d,  credulous  and  servile4o  authorities, 
and  mean,  selfish  arid  tyrannical  to  their  supposed  inferiors, 
using  iheir  learning  (not  knowledge  by  any  means)  to  enslave  the 
bodies  and  souls  of  men. 

And  this  in  civilism  is  what  men  call  education.  But  in- 
tegral co-operators  have  no  place  in  their  "Social  Order"  for 
"occult  sciences"  "pseudo  theology,"  or  "hidden  mysteries."  The 
integral  education,  or  culture,  of  all  is  a  vital  part  of  the  social 
system. 

I  Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Paoific  City. 


54 

A  perfect  Social  Order  provides  for  the  intellectual  wants  of 
the  community  by  instituting  departments  of  art,  letters,  science 
;iiul  culture.  Socially  it  establishes  and  incorporates  the  home, 
family,  marriage  and  religion  ;  and  it  organizes  directors,  labor, 
wealth  and  commerce  to  meet  the  demands  of  industry. 

Having  thufl  laid  strong  its  foundation  in  the  natural  and 
universal  "wants"  of  the  race,  it  must  abide  by  these  self-evi- 
dent  eternal  laws  and  principles,  adapt  ing  all  its  institutions  to 
them,  turning  away  now  and  forever  from  the.  ]*>nii''ious  prac- 
1  ire  of  accepting  the  empiric  philosophies  and  theories  of  men  as 
authorities  and  leaders.  "By  our  own  spirits  are  we  deified." 

Never  in  the  history  of  i»ur  race  lias  there  l**en  a  more  oppor- 
tune time  or  locality  for  commencing  a  "new  era"  with  a  practi- 
cal demonstration  of  its  feasibility  than  is  now  offered  in  Sinaloa, 
Mexico,  and  the  surrounding  country.  It  has  the  status  of  all 
that  is  worth  pn serving  in  civilization  beJund  it.  The  wisdom 
of  all  the  ages  gives  it  a  potency  lx»yond  that  of  "the  gods"  of  the 
nations,  while  the  intelligent  "wants"  of  all  the  cohorts  of  in- 
dustry are  demanding  that  their  natural  rights  shall  be  given 
them  and  their  power  and  authority  in  the  Social  Order  shall  l>e 
acknowledged  and  respected.  Thankful  for  the  lessons  of  ex- 
perience, let  us  "go  on  to  perfection,"  caring  little  for  isms  of  any 
kind  or  name,  and  guided  by  common  sense  and  reason. 

1846  Frederick  street,  Chicago,  111.,  April  14,  1892. 

,  April  S8, 


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TOPOLOBAMPO  COLONISTS. 


AN  INTERVIEW  WITH  ALBERT  K.  OWEN— STATUS  OF  TMK  COM- 
MUNITY—  THK  BI(*  DITCH  —  PACIFIC  CITY  — POLYTECHNIC 
SCHOOL,  ETC, 

Alliert  K.  Owen,  the  founder  of  the  Topololiami>o  Colony,  is 
at  the  Iturbide.  To  a  reporter  of  THE  Two  REPUBLICS,  yester- 
day, he  said,  in  answer  to  numerous  questions: 

4 *I  came  here  Wednesday  direct  from  New  York.  I  was  in 
Sinaloa  as  lato  as  Mareh  20th.  There  were  then  alxmt  450 
colonists  in  our  various  camps — mostly  engaged  on  our  big 
•'luia-^aiid  a  considerable  body  of  masons,  stone-cutters,  car- 
pentcrs,  etc.,  were  at  Biiy-Side  working  uixm  the  custom  house. 
Tliis  is  a  50  by  40  feet,  one-story,  stom*  huilding'which  we  are  put- 
ting up  for  the  government.  It  has  cost  over $8,000.  Thereof 
is  flat  and  covered  with  bricks  laid  in  mortar  like  many  in  this 
capital,  and  which  I  consider  the  very  In-st  for  a  tropical  climate. 
There  is  a  porch  ten  tV«»t  wide  on  three  sides  and  the  house  will 
!><'  well  built  and  strong.  The  stone  is  red  'porphyry  dressed. 
The  lime  we  burned  from  the  shells  found  on  the  shores  of  our 
outer  hay.  All  the  framing,  etc-.,  was  done  by  our  colon  is. s. 
There  are  about  19,000  feet  of  lumber  ift  the  building  and  it  is 
finished  by  this  time  excepting  the  painting  and  extras  which  we 
will  do  at  our  leisure.  The  building  is  directly  on  the  north 
bhoro  of  the  Straits  of  Joshua,  and  a  stone  pier  leads  from  its 
porch  into  about  six  feet  of  water,  so  that  the  officer  can  descend 
at  once  into  his  boat  and  go  out  to  the  incoming  and  outgoing 
shij»s.  By  far  it  is  the  most  convenient  custom  house  on  the 

Yes,  the  company  has  its  own  stone  pier  in  16  feet  of  water, 
and  on  this  is  a  frame  storehouse  40  by  80  feet.  The  steamer 
"Mazatlan,"  which  calls  at  Topolobampo  twice  south  from  Guay- 
mas  and  twice  north  from  Mazatlan  every  month,  lies  directly 
against  our  pier  arid  unloads;  and,  by  the  way,  this  is  the  only 
pier  on  the  Gulf  of  California  where  a  sliip  has  such  accomoda- 

Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


\r   CuaymoH.   Maxatlan  and  other  i*>rts,  nhiiw  have  to 
lighten  tltoir  pat&eugers  and  freights. 

"However,  the  work  which  lias  required  most  of  our  labor 
and  care  since  Now  Years,  1891,  has  been  the  big  cut  of  seven 
miles  through  which  we  are  to  let  flow  the  water  from  the  Fuerte 
River  upon  our  Mochis  land*.  This  is  a  low- water  acequia  ami 
will  put  water  at  our  c/oxnntand  every  hour  in  the  year.  With 
water  at  our  command  we  can  have  Rome  kind  of  croi*  growing 
every  day  in  the  year.  Our  colonists  were  working  on  the  laftt 
and  seventh  mile  of  the  big  cut  in  March,  when  I  was  with  them; 
and  by  the  last  day  of  this  month  of  May  the  water,  probably, 
will  1x5  flowing  on  our  lands.  We  will  th«'n  put  our  entire  force 
to  clear,  plow  and  plant  from  500  to  1,000  acre*,  BO  a*  to  get 
grans  and  fodder  for  our  animals,  and  vegetables  and  berries  for 
our  people.  This  will  require  four  months,  so  that  by  October 
we  should  be  ready  to  construct  permanent  houses  upon  Paciii*- 
rity  site,  and  to  push  our  railroad.  One  of  our  colonists  in 
April  left  for  Fuget  Sound  to  load  a  schooner  with  lumber  for 
our  houses, 

"Yes,  we  have  been  longer  by  six  months  than  we  calculated 
to  be.  The  error  as  to  time  was  made  l>ecause  we  did  not  allow 
sufficiently  for  the  added  difficulties  of  getting  so  much  earth 
from  d  -pths  below  ten  l'«-.-t.  \\Y  had  had  experience  only  in  ace- 
quias  of  ten  feet  at  IIIOHC.  The  problem  of  acequias  from  15  to  28 
feet  for  six  or  more  miles  is  quite  a  serious  one  with  present 
tools.  We.  could  handle  the  first  ten  feet  with  shovel  and  wheel 
scrapers  harnessed  to  teams,  but  after  that  we  had  to  pull  the 
shovel  scrapers  up  at  the  sides  by  means  of  ropes  wrapped  with 
rawhide,  the  men  following  the  scrapers  up  the  slopes  and  dump- 
ing the  earth  on  the  banks  beyond.  From  the  point  where  the 
water  comes  out  upon  the  surface  of  our  lands  we  will  run  the 
mother  acequia  south  and  east  to  Pacific  City  site,  and  from  it 
take  out  lateral  acequias  right  and  left,  so  as  to  irrigate  30,000 
acres.  This  will  be  easy  and  rapid  work  because  we  only  have 
to  dig  about  three  feet  and  to  throw  the  soil  up  on  either  side.  I 
am  thinking  of  taking  with  me  to  Sinaloa  in  July  two  New  Era 
Ditch  machines  for  this  purpose.  The  fall  of  the  land  is  nearly 
regular  and  about  one  mile  from  the  mouth  of  4he  big  cut  to  the 
bay  shore. 
"Yes,  the  famine  has  retarded  us  considerably,  for  we  had  to 

stop  colonists  from  going  to  our  settlements,  and  this  crippled  us 

-"-• —  ^ 

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r^MM.     PanlfMr!    Cltv. 


VOLVM8TS.  57 

in  lH>th  means  antl  laU»r.     The  almost  total  failure  of  crops  of 
iv  kind  in  tli*'  live  Northern  States  of  Mexico  was  felt  us  never 
More.     As  \  ou  know,  the  state  ^o\  ••rninenta  have  had  to  hiring 
i-oni  from  the  United  States  to  feed  the  people  in  sections  of 
Durango,  C'oabuila,  Chihuahua  and  Sonora.    In  our  district,  in 
iU.a,  we  could  not  get  corn,  grass  or  corn  stalks  to  feed  our 
hundred  head  of  animals  lit  any  price,  and  we  had  to  ship 
liay  and  corn  for  our  horses,  and  e  very  thing  used  by  our  colon- 
ists, from  Kansas  and  the  irrigated  fields  of  Arizona  at  a  cost  of 
a  Unit  $40  a  ton  for  hay  and  |7  for  corn  a  fanega;  hence,  this 
year  has  heen  a  trying  one  to  our  colonists — a  five  months'  task 
ad  11  ranee  as  severe  as  any  that  educated  people  within  reach 
of  civilization  over  worked  under.    However,  our  colonists  an- 
workers  and  persons  of  resolution  and  determination,  and  they 
been  equal  to  the  occasion;  ami  amidst  all  their  difficulties 
they  never  for  an  hour  paused  in  their  work.    To-day  we  are 
stronger  than  ever  in  our  faith  in  our  own  self-reliance  and  in 
the  confidence  of  those  who  are  in  the  States  sending  supplies. 

"No,  we  could  not  do  anything  of  any  account  without  low- 

.r  irrigation.  During  the  live  years  we  have  been  on  our 
400-acre  farm,  I^a  Lo^ia,  ^vo  have  gathered  j>osMbly  only  about 

partial  crop*.  First,  we  would  pl.mt  on  the  verano  or  bot- 
tom la 'ids,  and  just  as  the  crops  were  maturing  the  river  would 
rise  and  drown,  everything  out.  Then  we  would  go  upon  our 
high  lands  and  plant  and  the  water  would  go  down  so  low  that 
we  could  not  even  get  it  to  our  vegetables  with  :i  pump.  How- 

r,  whenever  we  did  have  sufficient  rains  at  the  right  time,  we 
raised  the  best  white  and  eweet  i>otatoe8,  cabbages,  beets,  tur- 
nips, radishes,  tomatoes,  lettuce,  melons,  etc.,  that  our  people 
had  ever  bef ore  seen.  In  fact,  everything  we  planted  gave  us 
Mirprking  results.  Our  vegetables,  etc.,  were  better  than  had 
l^efore  been  raised  in  Sinaioa because  our  seeds  were  superior  and 
our  gardeners  were  skilled.  Our  strawberries  were  so  plentiful 
and  large  that  it  is  calculated  that  one  acre* will  give  800  bushels 
during  a  year.  Bananas  will  grow,  it  is  estimated,  about  80,000 
}H>un<lsto  the  acre*,  which  is  equal  in  food  supply  to  about  45 
acres  planted  in  Irish  potatoes  in  the  United  States.  • 

"No,  the  Mexicans  who  live  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rio  Fuerte 
and  Rio  Sinaioa  do  not  irrigate  from  other  than  high  water  ace- 

,s,  and  I  bey  have  good  crops  of  corn,  beans,  sugar  and  melons 
%)iilv  when  the  river  has  its- usual  spring  and  fall  floods. 

* 

Library  of  Congress. 

^.        fM  4U*» 


requirements  of  the  native  population  arc  small  in  tlu?  extreme,  ami 
time  is  an  nothing  to  them,  while  the  laboring  clans  is  reduced  to 
Hiteh  strait*  for  a  mere  existence  that  those  who  own  the  raiiehes 
when  they  n^ed  help  can  get  it  for  a  mere  pittance,  paid  in  bean*, 
corn  and  money.  In  the  best  of  seasons  there  are  never  cereals 
and  fruits  more  than  enough  to  supply  local  nee«lH,  arid  when  the 
season  is  had  the  MUVOB,  who  are  mostly  the  laboring  class, 
actually  HuiFer  for  something  to  eat;  but,  like  all  the  aborigines 
of  this  continent,  they  do  so  without  a  murmur. 

"You  ask  why  are  the  natives  reduced  to  such  straits?  Why, 
because  there  are  nodi  versified  home  industries  in  Sinaloa.  AH 
people  who  de}>cnd  entirely  upon  agriculture  and  pastoral  pur- 
suits are  always  poor,  and,  as  strange  as  it  may  appear,  the 
people  who  engage  alone  in  raising  food  products  are  the  only 
people  AS  a  class  who  mostly  suffer  and.  at  times,  actually  perish 
for  want  of  food.  Tin-  next  least  progressive  and  most  depend- 
ent population  to  a  fanning  class  is  a  community  who  engage  in 
gold  and  silver  mining  to  the  exclusion  of  other  industries. 
Mexico  is  unfortunate  in  having  these  two  classes  of  population 
largely  in  the  majority,  and  progress  is  difficult  because  of  their 
uniformly  set  ways  in  the  line  of  ignorance  and  demoralization. 
There  never  was  and  there  never  can  l»o  a  first-class  community 
which  does  not  protect  and  foster  and  encourage  the  diversifica- 
tion  of  local  industries.  A  district  which  manufactures 
only  one  line  of  finished  commodities,  or  which  merely 
cultivate  the  soil,  or  which  mines  only  one  kind  of  ore,  etc., 
will  have  but  a  poor  and  a  shiftless  population.  Egypt, 
Persia,  China,  Ireland,  the  Southern  States,  Kansas,  Sinaloa 
are,  strictly  speaking,  agricultural  states.  California,  as 
long  as  it  is  attended  exclusively  to  gold  digging,  had  about 
as  mean  and  as  worthless  a  population  as  we  have  ever  had  in 
the  United  States.  Nevada,  Idaho  and  Colorado  are  specimens 
of  silver  mining  populations,  and  are  of  little  account,  so  far  as 
culture  or  home-life  go,  outside  of  their  cities  in  which  some  at- 
tention is  paid  to  the  diversity  of  local  employments.  On  the 
other  hand,  in  Old  England,  there  never  was  an  ounce  of  gold  or 
silver  mined;  but  there,  close  beside  the  field  of  grain  and  the 
truck  patch,  we  find  factories,  machine  shops,  bakeries,  libraries, 
etc.  And  likewise  in,New  England,  where  if  there  are  gold  and 
silver,  they  are  lett  undisturbed  under  the  soil,  and  where  the 
ground  is  too  rocky  for  the  people  to  depend  entirely  upon  it  for 

Library  of  Congress* 


COLONIST*.  5ft 

a  living,  we  aoe  that  every  stream  ia  made  to  turn,  spindles, 
lathes  and  rollers;  and  there  we  find  a  people  on  the  way  to  the 
enjoyment  of  the  higher  calling*  and  the  better  though  to  of  ad- 
vanced and  refined  life.  Who  over  heard  of  a  manufacturing 
and  commercial  people  perishing  for  want  of  food?  And  it  in  the 
people  who  diversify  their  home  industries  and  who  never  dig 
gold  or  silver  who  enjoy  the  greatest  abundance  of  money  at  the 
lowest  rate  of  interest,  and  it  is  the  j>eople  who  mine  silver  and 
gold  and  who  cultivate  the  soil  exclusively  who  never  have  any 
money  to  speak  of  and  who,  for  the  use  of  credits,  have  to  pay 
ruinous  interests  to  those  people  who  have  found  out  that  "  the 
greatest  study  of  mankind  is  man, "  and  that  man  wants  manu- 
factured articles  most  of  anything  in  this  world,  and  that  he  en- 
slaves himself  to  get  money  solely  l>ocause  he  can  buy  the  articles 
that  ho  needs — such  as  food,  shelter,  clothing,  etc.  When* money 
will  not  buy  such  article*  money  is  perfectly  worthless — like  a 
yard  stick  where  there  is  no  calico  to  measure — because  it  is  use 
alone  which  gives  money  any  value.  Mexico's  silver  dollar — the 
heaviest  and  best  silver  dollar  in  the  world — is  at  a  discount  with 
the  poor,  rag-paper  dollar  of  the  United  states,  simply  because  at 
the  hack  of  Mexico'^  dollar  there  are  for  most  part  only  farms  and 
*ilver  mines;  while  behind  the  United  States  paper  dollar  there 
are  diversified  industries  well  started,  and,  in  instances,  nearly 
perfected.  For  the  same  reason  we  may  see  that  in  mining  towns 
and  agricultural  regions  interest  is  often  two  per  cent,  a  month, 
while  in  manufacturing  centers  and  among  an  all-around  em- 
ployed people  interest  is  exceptional  if  over  six  per  cent,  a  year. 
Again,  money  will  leave  Mexico,  where  it  can  Iw  loaned  at  24  per 
t,  and  Colorado  where  it  can  be  loaned  at  12  per  cent,  go  to 
Philadelphia  where  it  can  be  let  at  SIT  per  cent,  and  leave  Phila- 
delphia and  go  to  centers  of  manufactured  industries  in  Man- 
chester, Brussels  arid  Paris  where  it  can  be  loaned  for  only  three 
per  cent.  Can  there  be  anything  more  plain  to  those  who  have 
Mexico's  interest  in  mind  than  that  it  is  their  duty  to  see  that  her 
people  are  encouraged  in  every  way  and  in  every  place  to  divers- 
ify their  home  industries:  for  it  is  upon  the  variety  and  the  per- 
fection of  the  employments  of  a  people  that  the  prosperity  and 
greatness  of  a  nation  rests.  Statesmen  will  yet  learn  that  the 
most  universal  law  in  nature  is  diversity.  Every  man  and  every 
woman  needs  something  and  some  employment  different  from 
e  *ery  other  man  and  every  other  woman.  To  try  to  make  the 
people  of  an  entire  district  agriculturists  or  miners  is  to  attempt 


Library  of  Congress. 


60  TOPOLOBAMPO 

to  force  *  whole  group  of  people  to  l»o  alike  in  their  tastes  and 
requirements;  and  such  attempts  are  resen!<  <I  I'.v  nature:  ami  an 
a  result  we  see  comparitively  a  low  order  of  |>eople  wherever  it  in 
indulged  in. 

"  (  'ertainly,  as  soon  as  we  TojKriobarnpo  colonists  ^«-t  a  well- 
s<-l«vt»-d  assortment  of  food  products,  we  will  diversify  our  home 
industries.     We  will  grow  our  own  cotton,  silk,  wool  and  flax  and 
spin  and  weave  and  niuke  them  into  finished  articles  for  service; 
we  will  gather  our  own  fibres  and  nuuiufaci  tiro  our  own   pa|>er: 
\\e  will  mine  our  own  iron,  lead  and  cop]>cr  ore  and  work  them* 
into  desirable  forms;  we  will  dig  our  owii  kaolin  and  clay  and 
mould  our  own  fire  brick,  tile,  vases  and  ceramics;  and  we'  will 
build  our  own  ships  and  we  will  navigate  them.    Agriculture 
with  us  is  merely  a  means  to  an  end,  not  the  end  by  any  means. 
Even  now,  l>efore  wu  can  feed  ourselves,  we  aro  making  most  of 
the  tinv.  are  used  in  the  Fnerto  Valley;  wo  Make  our  own  small 
lioats,  harness  and  shoes,  eatch  and  cure  our  own  fish,  build  our 
own      buildings,      do      our    own    repairing    of    plows,     wag- 
ons,    fcx>ls,    publi>h    our     own     pap<  r,     etc.,     etc.;      and    I 
have    brought     with     me,     for     the     puq>oHe     of    explaining 
its  details  to  the  government,  a  plan  fora  I'olyterhnie  School  of  a 
large  and  most  comprehensive  onler,  wlii<-h  \\  ill  have  thn*e large 
and  compleU- manufacturing  )»lat!fs  for  a   basis  to  iK'gin  with. 
In  this  institution  those  who   manage  the  industries  will  teach 
the  methods,  the  arts,  the  secrets  and  the  sciences  of  the  indus- 
tries which  will  finally  embrace  all  those,  that  we  inaugurate  in 
l';ui lie  City  and  on  its  annex  farms,  its  fisheries,   etc.     In  this 
institution  we  expect  to  give  the  Mexican  girls  and  boys  a  nor- 
mal-industrial education  so  thorough,  complete  and   comprehen- 
sive that  each  one  will  be  capable,  on  leaving  the  institution,  to 
KO  back  to  his  or  her  locality  and  to  take  the  management  of 
some  useful  industries,  from  the  curing  of  fish  to  the  designing 
for  calico;  from  the  cooking  of  a  pudding  to   the  building  of  a 
1'x-omotive  engine.    To  begin  with,  we  have  one  of  the  late  pro- 
fewors  of  Wellesley  College — the  greatest  institution  for  girls  in 
the  United  States—to  take  charge  of  the  Normal-Industrial  De- 
partment for  girls.    This  is  a  lady  whom  Sir  Edwin  Arnold  said 
wa«  one  of  three  of  the  best  educated  women  whom  he  had  ever 
met    She  is  now  lecturing  in  the  United  States  on  the  us«-s  of 
fuel  gas  and  instructing  ladies  in  the  large  citi<-s  how  to  use  the 
same  for  cooking.    She  has  been  studying  out  a  plan  for  the  last 

Library  of  Congress. 


TOPOLOBAMFO  COLONISTS.  61 

» 

yean,  to  unite  with  normal-education  industries  of  all  kind, 
especially  adapted  for  girl*;  suon,  for  instance,  as  needle  work, 
keeping  accounts,  cooking,  deoigniug,  canning  flah  and  vegeta- 
bles, drying  fruits,  etc.,  etc, 

"  To  take  the  lead  in  the  Normal  Industrie*  Department  for 
boys,  we  have  a  gentleman  who  was  commissioned  by  Gen. 
George  B.  McClellau,  when  governor  of  New  Jersey,  to  visit 
Europe  and  report  uj>on  the  tile,/aw?w<!  and  bricabrac  industries 
and  which  resulted  in  himself  and  the  governor  building  the 
gi  ?at  potteries  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey;  and  he  is,  to-day,  the 
Nailing  designer,  manufacturer  and  lecturer  of  and  upon  cera- 
mics in  the  United  States. 


. . 


And  now  when  I  tell  you  that  we  have  over  200  master 
craftsmen  and  craf tawomen  in  our  colony  membership  of  six 
thousand  persons,  and  that  every  one  of  these  master  workmen 
and  workwomen  will  become  teachers  in  our  Polytechnic  School, 
and  every  working  day,  will  be  showing,  instructing  and  work- 
Ing  with  the  pupils  of  the  Institute,  you  may  imagine  that,  with- 
in a  few  years  we  will  have  home  industries  started  in  every  cen- 
ter of  population  in  Mexico;  and  then  Mexico's  dollar  will  be  as 
valuable  as  the  Itest  dollar  in  the  world  because  there  will  be 

articles  of  finished  manufacture  1*  hind  it. 

• 

*•  Yes!  it  is  a  beautiful  dream  as  you  say,  but  are  not  the 
beautiful  dreams  of  yesterday  the  realized  realities  which  we  en- 
joy to-day.  If  insignificant  great  little  women  and  unknown 
little  great  men,  working  in  the  dark  corners  of  this  world, 
neglected  by  all  and  spat  upon  by  the  "  level-headed  "  commer- 
cial drummers  who  infest  this  earth's  surface,  did  not  dream  and 
work  and  combine -the  ideas  of  yesterday  with  the  new  devices  of 
to-day,  there  would  be  no  inventions,  no  application  of  discover- 
ies, no  chemical  arts  applied  for  our  every  day  conveniences  and 
advancements.  And  if  you,  ray  friend,  went  to-day,  and  walked 
for  seven  miles  through  our  ditch  in  Sinaloa,  and  looked  at  its 
great  sides  looming  far  up  above  your  head,  like  to  the  houses  on 
either  side  of  the  Calle  de  San  Francisco,  you  could  not  but  have 
iv*i>ect  for  those  colonists  who  had  put  their  dream  of  a  year  and 
a  half  ago  into  such  practical  reality.  The  same  determination, 
work  and  method  by  the  same  people  will  build  and  direct  a 
Polytechnic  School  which  will  give  the  youth  of  Mexico  the 
practical  teachings  of  practical  men  and  women;  and  that  is 


te  TOPOLO&AMPO  COLONISTS. 

what  needs  to  be  systemized  for  the  boys  and  girls  of  other  coun- 
tries as  well  as  for  those  of  Mexico. 

"Yes;  we  keep  two  well  equipped  surveying  parties  in  the 
field  ztll  the  time.  We  finished  the  survey  of  the  Zona  Sanitaria 
— a  district  of  «>1  miles  Mtjuan*  including  our  harlN>r  and  tlie  roast 
and  inlands,  etc.,  and  our  city  Mite,  in  March  last  and  have  closed 
up  the  surveys  of  the  public  and  private  lands  along  our  first 
section  of  railroad. 

"  Our  draughtsman,  one  of  the  most  skilled  in  the  country, 
is  now  making  a  complete  map  of  the  entire  district'  for  the 
World's  Fair.  We  e\i»ect  to  have  four  studies  in  oil,  12x6  f««-t, 
showing  our  Ba£  and  farm,  on  exhibition  in  1K93.  These  will  lie 
painted  by  one  of  our  colonists  and  will  be  framed  by  us  in  heavy 
frames  made  of  the  hard,  close-grained  and  beautiful  woods  of 
our  locality.  We  hope,  also,  to  have  a  large  and  varied  exhibit 
of  our  vegetables. 

"  As  to  a  number  of  our  colonists,  we  have  over  6,000  regis- 
tered in  our  organization  and  they  are  daily  increasing.  Fnnn 
letters  reccm-d,  I  should  judge  that  there  are  at  least  2,000  want- 
ing a.ln.ission  to  go  on  to  our  lands.  It  is  difficult  for  us  to  hold 
^  them  back  even  in  face  of  the  drought  and  famine  and  the  dis- 
'•omforts  they  are  sure  to  meet,  at  this  time,  in  our  camps.  Alto- 
gether, we  probably  have  had  a  thousand  persons  on  our  lands; 
but  half  of  them  have  returned  to  the  States,  most  of  them,  to 
wait  until  we  are  ready  for  them  or  to  attend  to  settling  up  their 
affairs  so  that  they  may  return  and  live  permanently  with  us. 

"  The  health  of  the  colonists  has  been  exceptionally  good  on 

our  Pacific  City  site  and  at  La  Logia.    Never  has  there  been  a 

U'ttcr  record;  but  in  our  temporary  camps,  on  the  new  earth 

dump**!  from  our  ditch,  our  colonists  have  at  times  had  cases  of 

X  typhoid  fever  and  several  have  died  from  it.    This  has   been 

another  reason  why  we  have  not  allowed  more  colonists  to  go  to 

our  settlements  this  year.     In  October  next  we  will  be  ready  to 

care  for  them  on  Pacific  ( 'ity  site,  and  to  put  all  in  comfortable 

and  permanent  houses, " — The  Two  Republic*. 

CITY  OF  MEXICO,  May  17, 1892. 


Library  of  Congress. 
Owen.  Pacific  City. 


(8KW1CKUIY,  AtLKOHXKY  Co.,  PA., 

e  May  86th,  1893. 

MR.  E.  M.  HUSSKY, 

Dear  Sir:— I  have  just  received  through  you,  from 
Owen,  no  doubt,  the  clipping  from  The  Tiro  JpeptibiiYvi,  of  Mexico 
City,  if  May  17th,  giving  Mr.  Owens*  latest  account  of  Topolo 
b;inil  «.  Please  accept  my  thanks  for  thosame.  I  have  wad  it 
with  very  great  interest.  It  is  a  grand,  inspiring  paper,  gives  a"! 
most  encouraging  an»l  hopeful  view  of  the  progress  of  the  great 
enterprise,  and  it  would  bo  a  great  thing  if  some  of  those  greatj 
New  York  papers  would  repuhlish  it.  Mr.  Dana,  of  the  Sun, 
ought  to  have  a  fellow-feeling  for  Mr.  Owen's  enterprise,  as  in 
the  1840's  he  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  of  the  early  Associa- 
tive Movement  and  one  of  the  leaders  at  Brooke  Farm.  He  des- 
pam-d  of  success,  I  suppose,  when  all  the  "phalanxes"  came  to 
grief  (from  very  obvious  causes),  but  now  when  Mr.  Owen's 
great  work  is  so  far  advanced,  and  so  full  of  every  promise  of 
M  in  -ess.  I  think  Mr.  Dana  ought  surely  to  take  courage  and  give 
Toitolobampo  all  the  help  he  can,  and  that  would  be  a  good 
deaL 

Mr.  Owen  has,  I  think,  shown  most  consummate  skill  in 
originating,  planning  and  organizing  this  stupendous  enterprise, 
which  is  far,  very  far  in  the  front  of  anything  of  the  present  day, 
and  certainly  has  an  abundance  of  all  the  dements  for  a  grand 
success.  And  what  world-wide  consequences  does  it  not  involve  I 
A  totally  "New  Civilization,"  lifting  mankind  up  to  the  high  and 
humane  level  of  union  and  co-operation  in  all  industries,  in  place 
of  competitive  savagery!  Little  did  I  dream  in  1844  when  I  first 
met  with  the  associative  idea  in  Albert  Brisbane's  works  and  the 
Tribune,  and  began  to  write  in  advocacy  of  the  movement,  that 
I  should  over  be  so  favored  as  to  see  an  enterprise  of  such  mag-' 
ni  tude  as  Mr.  Owen's  inaugurated,  especially  after  the  lament-  f 
able  failure  of  so  many  of  the  early  ventures  called  "Phalanxes/' 
Yet  in  spite  of  these  failures,  I  never  lost  faith  for  a  moment  in 
the  ultimate  success  of  the  Associative  idea,  and  knew  that 
it  would  bloom  out  in  due  time,  for  it  is  simply  common  sense 
and  equity  in  human  affairs,  and  yet  the  great  public  in  «>  blind 
to  the  great  fact— blinded  by  the  long -habit  of  business  compe- 
tition—that it  seems  next  to  impossible  to  people  so  accustomed 
to  have  the  fainfest  idea  that  the  re  cttn  be  any  other  way  of  doing 
the  world's  work  or  getting  a  living  except  by  eternal  contention 


<  T  4V»»-«rv  of  Congress* 


and  competing  and  struggling  against  others.  And  yet,  to  one 
who  sees  clearly  what  ought  to  he,  what  can  he,  and  what  will 
assuredly  IM\  yes,  and  what  already  t*  —  aa  co-operators  do  see— 
our  mad  eomjietitive  system  is  no  system,  is  the  very  climax  of 
i||tftttrdity  and  stupendous  folly,  wasteful  in  a  thousand  ways, 
and  the  cxhaustless  fountain  of  countless  abominations,  since  it 
lash.  -s  human  selfishness  into  its  most  extreme  and  odious  mani- 
festations. 

It  is  a  great,  a  very  great  privilege  to  be  connected  witli  this 
great  enterprise  at  Topolobampo,  t\\e  founding  of  the  first  gmnd 
Integral  Cooperative  Htute,  emhracing  millions  of  acres  of  the 
hest  and  most  varied  of  lands  that  the  world  has  ever  seen;  a 
great  privilege  to  be  connected  with  this  in  even  the  humblest 
manner,  and  I  am  glad  to  have  done  a  little  in  the  way  of  help 
hy  spreading  the  co-operative  idea  in  various  papers.  I  do  not 
know  whether  The  Jcffenutmnti  comes  to  your  office,  since  it  is 
no  longer  the  colony  organ,  hut  if  it  does  you  will  have  noticed 
that  it  lias  given  ten  numbers  of  my  article,  "Protection  Withuut 
a  Tariff"  then  it  changed  owners;  hut  I  urn  promised  by  the 
latter  that  they  will  finish  the  article  (a  few  more  numhers)  in 
their  j>aper  when  it  is  enlarged  in  June.  If  you  take  Mrs.  Kale's 
j>a}>er,  The  SocUdogic  AT<eirx,  of  Brooklyn  (formerly  of  Boston), 
she  is  giving  an  article,  sent  hy  her  request,  on  "Integral  ('<>- 
o|M>raiion,"  a  portion  each  month  for  nine  months.  Of  this, 
when  through  with,  I  will  make  a  few  copies  for  giving  away. 

Am  rejoiced  that  Topolobampo  will  have  an  exhibit  at 
Chicago.  Yours  very  truly, 

\\TM.  II.  MULLER. 


1 1  <>N.  MANUEL  FKKNADKZ  Y  LEAL,  Secretary  of  Foments:— 
Dai  r  -s'/iv 

Tlie  weal tli  of  a  nation  consists  in  the  number,  variety  and 
]x-rfection  of  its  home  industries.  It  is  these  which  give  employ- 
ment to  every  class  of  its  citizens  and  which  make  the  nation  in- 
dependent of  foreign  countries.  The  only  wealth  any  nation  can 
possibly  have  is  its  labor.  If  that  is  not  U'cU  directed  and  diversi- 
fied the  nation  is  poor.  It  dt»es  not  matt  r  if  every  person  in  a 
nation  is  employed,  if  said  persons  are  occupied  only  in  producing 
raw  materials  to  he  shipped  out  of  the  country,  the  nation  will 
continue  to  wt  poorer  the  more  the  people  work.  This  is  so  cer- 
tain that  it  never  fails  to  produce  the  same  result,  whenever  and 
wherever  it  is  practiced. 

Library  ^of  Congress . 


CORKJSSPONDJSNCK.  (J5 

General  John  H.  (i  onion,  late  Governor  of  Georgia,  and  now 
United  States  Senator,  h^s  shown  by  actual  statistic*  that  every 
bale  of  cotton  which  wan  produced  in  the  Southern  States,  ami 
aent  awuy  in  its  crude  form,  made  the  cotton-growing  section 
poorer;  and  although  Mexico  has  produced  three-quarter*  of  all 
the  silver  in  the  world  she  has  shipped  it  mostly  away  to  foreign 
c<  mi  tries  as  bullion,  and  is  poorer  probably  to-day  than  if  she 
h  id  never  opened  a  mine. 

The  greatest  statute,  that  of  Queeu  Elizabeth,  was:  "Put  the 
peoftlc  to  trwfc."  Like  unto  and  supplemental  to  this  should  be 
another:  And  diversify  and  perfect  home  ittdustrics.  Upon  these 
two  commandments  rtst  not  only  "all  the  taw  and  the  prophets^' 
but >upon  their  intelligent  execution  depend  the  prosperity  and 
happiness  of  the  people. 

Not  any  nation  has  been  more  richly  endowed  with  natural 
resources  and  with  willing  labor  than  Mexico;  but  Mexico  lias 
relatively  profited  very  little  from  these  great  basic  forces  of 
wealth,  owing  to  a  lack  of  government  guarantee  to  the  Capital 
necessary  to  establish  large  plants  for  the  leading  and  staple  in- 
du>:  i  the  country;  and,  at  the  same  time,  for  want  of  the- 

oretical and  practical  opportunities  for  her  youth  to  learn  in 
schools  where  the  sciences  are  applied  to  methods  of  modern 
utilities. 

Every  nation,  without  exception,  which  has  taken  a  first 
rank  in  dominion,  has  had  to  8ul*iidm»  its  infant  and  to  protect 
its  growing  industries;  and  Mexico,  as  an  industrial  nation,  is  so 
much  surpassed  by  others  in  the  skilled  and  associated  labor  nec- 
essary  for  the  establishment  of  new  and  basic  industries,  that  she 
needs  just  now  to  make  an  extra  effort  to  attract  ex]K>r|  crafts- 
men with  their  plants  to  come  to  her  States  to  engage  in  the 
manufacture  of  the  finished  products  which  are  most  needed  by 
her  i>eople;  therefore,  Mexico  has  a  rare  opportunity,  at  thievery 
time,  to  start  a  marked  impetus  into  her  growing  industries,  by 
taking  advantage  of  the  exceptional  offer  herein  made,  by  the 
Topolobaui{x>  colonists,  and  by  inducing  the  skilled  craftsmen 
with  their  plants,  selected  by  them,  to  settle  in  Sinaloa,  and  to 
have  them  committed  to  the  emjtfoynient  only  of  home  raw  mate- 
rials and  to  the  instruction  only  of  Mexican  youth  into  the  secrets, 
theories  and  crafts  of  the  manufacture  of  these  finished  articles. 

Almost  any  sacrifice,  by  a  nation,  which  is  necessary  to  cre- 

new  and  needed  home  industries,  is  small  when  compared 

,-  * 

Library  of  Congress* 
!  Owen.  Paolfio  Citv. 


I 

66  CORRESPONDENCE. 

with  the  benefits,  which  always  follow,  to  add  to  the  public 
wealth  and  to  tho  general  contentment  of  the  citizens.  And  par- 
ticularly, at  the  present  period,  after  Mexico  has  shown  such  re- 
markable advancement  in  the  construction  and  operation  of 
railroads  and  when  peace  only  awaits  to  he  permanently  guaran- 
teed by  diversifying  the  employments  of  the  people,  does  Mexico 
require  to  encourage  skilled  and  exj»erienced  master- workmen  to 
build  manufactories  and  to  teach  industrial  methods  to  the  youth 
of  every  section  of  the  Republic. 

The  idea  which  is  suggested,  by  The  Topolobampo  Colonist*, 
to  the  Federal  Government,  has  for  a  basis  the  erection  of  "  The 
ftuxfic  City  Polytechnic  School,"  which  besides  complying  with 
the  educational  law  in  giving  Normal  studies,  shall  have  especial 
craftsmenships  for  the  teaching  of  agriculture,  horticulture, 
architecture,  mining,  naval  construction,  navigation,  the  making 
of  all  kinds  of  machinery  and  tools  and  implements,  railroad 
building,  bridging,  road  making,  designing,  tile  and  ceramic 
manufacture,  etc.,  etc,;  in  fact,  this  institution  will  have  under 
its  control,  so  as  to  give  practical  training  to  the  youth  of  Mex- 
ico, of  all  the  factories  and  industries  of  every  class  and  descrip- 
tion which  may  be  inaugurated  in  Pacific  City  and  upon  its 
farms,  vessels,  railroads,  etc. 

To  inaugurate  this  institution,  without  delay,  so  as  to  begin, 
at  once,  the  practical  training  of  the  youth  of  Mexico,  upon  an 
improved  and  comprehensive  scale,  The  Topolobampo  Colonists 
v.-ish  to  establish  four  basic  manufactures  which  shall  employ 
exclusively  the  raw  materials  of  the  country  and  be  the  founda- 
tion for  the  many  other  industries  which  will  quickly  follow  the 
operation  of  these  selected  four.  The  plans  for  the  works,  the 
machinery  required  and  the  details  relating  to  the  said  four 
manufacturing  plants,  an>  given  separately  in  the  accompanying 
papers;  and  with  each  description  may  be  found  photographs  and 
samples  of  the  work  now  actually  done  by  the  master-craftsmen 
who  have  these  plants  in  the  United  States:  but  who  are  not 
likely  to  come  with  the  same  to  Sinaloa  without  they  are  partic- 
ularly encouraged  by  the  Government  of  Mexico  and  guaranteed 
against  any  possible  loss  they  may  sustain.  To  lift  these  said  four 
industries  from  their  present  locations  in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio, 
and  to  plant  them  in  Sinaloa,  in.  a  way  to  compete  successfully 
with  the  old  and  favored  establishments  of  like  character  in 
Europe  and  the  United  States,  will  require  a  very  large  sum  of 

* 

^  % 

Library  of  Congress* 


67 

cash  money  and  a  great  risk  on  the  part  of  th*  manufacturers, 
because  of  the  disaster  which  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  almost  every 
enterprise  which  has  IHVII  attempted  in  North  Western  Mexico; 
and  therefore  it  is  petitioned  by  the  Topolobarnpo  colonists  that 
Mexico  take  the  lead  in  encouraging  these  really  great  master 
mechanics  and  manufacturers  to  come  to  Sinaloa,  for  they  will 
l>e  sure,  to  develop  the  latent  resources  of  the  Republic  were  they 
once  established  upon  a  basis  sufficiently  large  to  fulfil  the  pur- 
poses herein  mentioned. 

The  Topolobampo  colonists  do  not  ask  Mexico  to  do  all  the 
subsidizing  necessary  to  induce  these  industries  to  come  to  Mex- 
ico; not  by  any  means;  for  they  have  already  taken  the  initiative 
and  have  pledged  to  set  aside,  without  cost,  a  farm  of  2,000  or 
more  acres  of  the  most  suitable  lands  for  the  raising  and  culture 
of  the  merino  sheep  which  are  hereafter  mentioned;  they  will 
donate  any  block  600x400  feet,  in  Pacific  City,  for  each  of  the  said 
factories,  which  the  manufacturers  may  select;  they  will  perform, 
free  of  charge,  all  the  labor  and  give  all  the  brick,  tile,  stone  and 
sand  (everything  which  they  have  within  the  Coloniy)  necessary 

rect  the  best  and  most  commodious  of  buildings;  and  they 
will  give,  also,  to  every  other  well  organized  and  useful  industry, 
which  >\  ill  Incor|K>rate  with  them  to  develop  the  resources  of  the 

ific  Coast  of  Mexico,  select  and  ample  building  sites  and 
all  the  lal>or  and  materials  which  they  have  within  themselves  to 
fix  the  industry  in  the  building  required.  More  than  this  they 
cannot  do  at  this  stage  of  their  development.  But  lx«sides  the 
benefits  which  will  accrue  to  the  wealth  of  the  Republic  by  the 
.  il  ilishment  of  such  industries  as  have  In-en  selected,  TheToi>olo- 

•ipo  (  oloiiiste  will  make  the  following  further  consideration  to 
the  Federal  Government: 

First.— During  ten  years  a  gratuitous  education  shall  be 
«*ivcn  in  a  theoretical  and  practical  course  of  five  years  at  The 
Pacific  City  Polytechnic  School  to  fifteen  young  men  and  women 
who  shall  be  designated  every  year  by  the  President  of  the  Re- 
public. 

Second.—  Fifty  per  cent,  of  the  lambs  of  the  yearly  produce 
of  the  1,000  head  of  Merino  sheep  imported  shall  l>e  given  to  the 
ivtary^f  Fomento  until  1,000  head  are  delivered,  that  he  may 
ributemem,  as  he  sees  fit,  over  the  Republic  for  propaga- 
tion, etc.  -|F 

Library  of  Congress* 


Third.-— The  caasimere  and  cloth,  etc.,  for  tho  uniforms  of 
the  Mexican  army  and  navy,  as  well  as  all  other  products  which 
may  be  manufactured  by  the  colonists  in  the  said  mentioned  fac. 
toriesand  in  all  others  which  may  IHJ  established  by  them  in 
Sinaloa  shall  be  sold  to  the  Mexican  Government,  for  its  military 
and  naval  uses,  at  prices  five  per  cent.  less  than  the  ruling  prices 
of  the  same  either  in  Europe  or  the  United  States. 

Fourth. — The  colonists  will  construct  in  the  ship-yard,  to  In- 
established  on  the  shores  of  Topolobampo  Bay,  within  ten  years 
after  the  said  Polytechnic  School  has  bet  n  inaugurated,  an  iron 
revenue  cutter,  according  to  the  plan  accepted  by  the  reflective 
department,  and  to  build,  without  further  coht  to  the  government, 
such  Federal  buildings  and  other  public  works  in  Paciiic  City  aa 
the  government  may  require,  the  total  cost  of  which  shall  not  be 
less  than  the  $1 ,000,000  (gold)  or  the  amount  for  which  the  $1,500,- 
000  bonds  can  be  sold  for,  which  is  asked  for  as  a  subsidy  to  in- 
augurate the  said  Polytechnic  School. 

The  following  are  the  four  industries  desired  for  a  basis  for 
The  Pacific  City  Polytechnic  School. 

1. — An  iron  and  steel  foundry  for  the  direct  reduction  of 
home  ores  and  with  a  capacity  of  100  tons  of  steel  rails  a  day, 


including  the  moat  modern  machinery,  plant  ai 
make  steel  rails,  steel  plates  and  all  kinds  of  tools  a 


<l  methods  to 
id  machinery. 


2. — A  factory  for  working  and  iiring  all  kind  tf  clay,  kaolin 
and  analagous  earths,  including  kilns,  workshop  aid  machinery, 
etc.,  for  the  making  of  tiles,  fire  brick,  vases,  ceraimics,  faience 

9 

:,  nd  like  products  of  superior  quality. 

3. — A  woolen  mill  capable  of  making  the  very  lx*st  cassi- 
meres,  flannels  and  cloths  fouii  d  in  any  market. 

4. — The  transportation  ami  care  for  1,000  head  of  the  best 
graded  Merino  sheep  known  to  the  United  States;  their  acclima- 
tion and  raising  in  the  country  for  their  wool  and  propagation. 

A.  K.  OWEN. 
MEXICO  CITY,  June  14, 1802. 


TOPOLOBAMPO,  Mexico,  June  3,  1891. 
CHARLES  SCHAEFER,  Wichita,  Kansas, 

Dear  Friend : — Yours  of  the  5th  ult.  came  to  hand  last  even- 
ing and  I  will  now  try  to  answer  it.  Most  of  the  time  since  1 
last  wrote  I  have  been  busily  engaged  at  surveying  and  have 
traveled  quite  extensively  over  the  Colony  lands  and  around  the 


i  Library  of  Congress. 


COtUtKPONMUX  '/•:.  CO 

Bay  and  endeavored  to  become  UM  familiar  with  our  itosMewunns 
as  possible.  \Vhen  one  come*  to  make  a  study  of  tlirin,  tin* 
natural  resources  ami  commercial  advantages  that  are  within  the 
grasp  of  our  Colony  seem  almost  unlimited.  As  for  myself ,  I  am 
well  pleaded  with  the  country.  Jt  is  far  ahead  in  all  of  those 
natural  resources  which  are  adapted  to  the  upbuilding  of  a  higher 
grade  of  civilization  of  anything  I  have  ever  seen  elsewhen-. 
The  climate  during  the  seven  months  I  have  been  here  lias  been 
perfect 

Only  think  of  a  stretch  of  seven  n  onths  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful May  weather  imaginable.  Not  a  blizzard,  not  a  storm,  not  a 
eold  day,  nor  a  disagreeably  warm  day  during  the  whole  time — 
just  delightfully  pleasant. 

Our  coldest  day  during  the  winter  was  December  24th.  The 
night  before  a  cold  wave  struck  us  from  the  north- west,  ai.d 
when  we  got  up  in  the  morning  we  found  our  thermometer  had 
run  down  to  48°  above  zero.  Out  on  the  Mochis  and  along  the 
Fuerte  river  it  ran  lower  than  that,  even  getting  below  the  freez- 
ing point  two  or  three  different  days.  As  the  wind  was  only 
moderately  brisk  there  was  very  little  suffering.  Some  of  our 
people  living  in  tents  and  not  having  any  stoves  were  a  little  un- 
comfortable, and  some  of  the  boys  who  generously  gave  away 
their  overcoats  and  most  of  their  blankets  before  starting  for  this 
sunny  clime  found  it  convenient  to  spend  their  cooi  evenings  and 
mornings  with  their  neighbors  in  the  stone  house,  where  blazing 
fires  in  open  fire-places  reminded  them  of  their  Northern  homes. 
So  far  we  have  had  very  little  hot  weather.  During  the  middle 
of  the  day,  when  the  mercury  indicates  the  highest  temperature, 
there  is  always  a  cool  breeze  coming  in  from  the  gulf.  Yester- 
day was  the  wannest  day  w«>  have  haJ — in  the  morning  the 
thermometer  registered  79°,  at  noon  96°  and  in  the  evening  82°. 

Our  bay  has  become  quite  a  pleasure  resort.  We  have 
now  six  boats  of  various  sizes  and  built  for  various  uses,  and 
some  of  our  people  are  out  every  day  with  one  or  more  of  them 
cruising  about  the  Bay  on  some  useful  exj>edition.  If  a  man. 
wishes  to  take  a  sail  or  a  row  he  can  nearly  always  do  so  and  be 
doing  some  useful  work  for  the  company  at  the  same  time.  Our 
best  sailing  boat  is  the  Pilot  which  makes  a  run  every  day  be- 
tween here  and  Las  Copas,  bringing  about  five  hundred  gallons 
of  water  each  trip. 

The  Poloma  is  a  sail  boat  a  little  smaller  than  the  Pilot  and 
is  for  general  utility. 


70  CORKESIVNDI 

The  Tortuga  it  a  Mpuir*  built,  deep,  flat-bottom  boat  used  for 
carrying  limo,  sand,  wuxl,  etc.  It  has  not  as  yet  In-rome  a  gen- 
eral f:i\«»ri  \  a*  it  is  very  obstinate  and  |>ersistH  in  tf'»ing  wilh  the 
wind  ami  tide.  The  /xirfc  in  a  small  row  boat  "just  big  enough 
for  two."  Th«  other  two  boats  are  tlv  "fish  Iniat  "and  the  "old 
canoe."  which  havo  been  used  during  our  fUdiin^  excursions, 
count  surveys,  etc.  But  I  auppoHe  this  talk  :'>N)iit  boats  will  In-  of 
little  interest  to  people  who  never  see  a  row  Ixuit  and  who***  onl^ 
sailing  IB  in  a  "Prairie  8  hooner"  before  a  Kansas  blizzard. 

The  hills  around  the  Bay  contain  several  varieties  of  .•;<«•< I 
building  htoue,  th  best  of  which  is  a  jK>rphyry  of  sevenil  tints, 
which  is  quite  common  but  a  little  difficult  to  get  out  with  the 
means  w«  have  at  hand.  Our  cust<~n-hous<>  is  being  constructed 
of  this  ntone,  and  it  makes  a  very  line  looking  building  and  will 
be  as  durable  a»  the  hilLsfrom  whence  it  came. 

Just  around  the  hill  toward  the  city  site,  and  about  a  mile 
fronx  here,  we  burned 'a  kiln  of  go<*l  brick  and  tile  which  arc 
U-ing  used  in  the  construction  of  the  custom-house. 

You  have  doubtless  become  acquainted  with  the  lay  of  the 
Bay  and  the  country  surrounding  it  from  the  descriptions  given 
from  time  to  time,  in  the  Credit  Fonder  and  the  Integral  Co- 

rator,  so  I  will  not  take  up  much  of  your  time  in  a  recapitu- 
lation of  them*. 

Our  egg  islands,  four  in  number,  are  a  real  curiosity,  besides 
furnishing  a  valuable  contribution  to  our  commissary  depart- 
ment They  are  situated  near  the  middle  of  Ohuira  Bay,  opjiositc 
the  city  site  and  about  four  to  six  miles  from  our  pier.  During 
the  egg  season  they  are  a  site  worth  going  many  miles  to  see, 
and  when  once  seen  are  not  likely  to  be  soon  forgotten.  Three 
or  four  men  have  frequently  gone  out  in  the  morning  in  our  old 
canoe  and  gathered  500  dozen  egj^s  and  returned  late  in  the  even- 
ing. Our  egg  supply  usually  lasts  about  two  months,  beginning 
in  Dexjember. 

Our  hills  which  skirt  the  Bay  on  the  south  and  rise  to  eleva- 
tions varying  from  three  to  seven  hundred  feet  alx>ve  sea  level, 
furnish  a  panorama  of  land  and  water  views  which  would  l>e  hard 
to  surpass;  while  our  rocks,  moilusks,  turtle,  tish  and  birds  would 
furnish  many  interesting  studies  for  the  natii'  ilist,  to  say  nothing 
of  tho  hundred  or  more  sjKH'ies  of  trees,  shrubs,  and  vines  which 
cover  every  available  spot  oa  our  hills  and  plains. 

Library  of  Congress. 


t  -oft/MAS1 /v  i\T>K\(JB.  71 

The  it<  of  Pacific  rity  projH-r  is  imrth  of  the  harW  and  just 
back  of  liif  To|M>loltain|io  lulU.  I\  t>eginsat  tide  level  and  rises 
toward  the  north,  being  an  alhr.ial  plain  covered  with  shrubs, 
small  trees  and  huge  cactus. 

The  same  plain,  <•  xtcnding  on  northward  and  gradually  ris- 
ing several  feet  to  the  mile,  embrace*  our  Bachomovampo  and 
Moehis  l.;i»ds  \N  Inch  an*  unbroken  by  a  ravine  or  elevation  until 
we  get  t<>  Mount  Mcnioria,  15  1-3  mile*  north  of  our  harbor, 
wfeetefto  plain  attains  an  elevation  of  45  feet  above  high  tide. 
Mount  Mcmoria  covers  about  800  acr<  *,  is  a  little  over  800  fret 
above  the  plain  at  its  .summit  and  contain*  a  drjxxsit  of  porphy- 
ritic.  granite  which  will  be  of  iiutitimable  value-  in  our  future 
work.  Upon  our  Mochia  land*  w»»  find  several  valuable  trees  and 
shrubs.  The  lignum  vita?,  which  is  well  known  in  commerce. 
Tin-  Brazil  wo«xl  valuable  for  d  \riiiK  purpoMen.  Tim  nu'stjuite 
whi<-h  is  a  line  wood  for  furniture  and  the  j*itahaya  which,  though 
little  known,  promises  to  be  of  more  value  to  us  than  all  the 
others  combined,  as  it  furnishes  «n  abundant  supply  of  tar,  which 
I  believe  will  he  of  great  value  to  us  in  our  arts  and  manufac- 
tures. There  are  many  other  species,  some  quite  curious  and  all 
very  interesting  as  they  furnish  such  a  contrast  to  the  Flora  and 
ligneous  growths  of  our  Northern  states. 

I  have  touched  lightly  on  our  topography  and  resources. 
There  is  so  much  that  could  b(«  written  and  HO  little  time  or  op- 
l*>rtunitv  to  write.  As  you  know,  every  day  here  n«»w  is  like 
haying  >r  harvesting  on  your  northern  farms.  There  i-  .-«>  much  to 
do  and  ho  few  to  do  it.  We  who  are  laboring  here  feel  that  a 
great  resix>nsibility  rests  upon  us.  We  are  lal>oring  not  for  to- 
day nor  for  this  generation  alone,  but  for  those  generations  that 
are  to  come.  Not  for  ourselves,  nor  yet  for  our  i>osterity  are  we 
self  exiled,  but  to  prepare  the  way  for  the  working  out  of  the 
grand  principles  of  Integral  Co-operation.  If  any  man  is  prepar- 
to  come  to  our  colony  witli  the  selfish  purj>ose  of  enriching 
himself,  financially,  and  taking  his  ease,  let  him  pause-  and  re- 
flect. •  QHMarofc  LJxar? 

'  No  man  can  live  up  to  our  principles  and  become  wealthy 
without  at  the  same  time  contributing  to  the  wealth  of  his  asso- 
ciates. The  two  extremes  of  society,  the  millionaire  and  the 
tramp,  are  as  impossible  under  our  system  of  co-operation  as  for 
white  to  become  black. 

No  man  can  live  from  the  labors  of  others  and  fulfil  the  re- 
.uireim  nts  of  a  co-operator.    A  man  whose  uppermost  thought 


I 


Library  of  Congress. 


7-3 

U  of  self  and  selfish  gain,  is  not.needed  here.  There  may  comr-  a 
time  when  we  can  give  him  a  place  in  our  midst,  hut  we  cannot 
afford  it  now.  MfishBM  demands  injustice,  injvinti<  -e  •  -reateH 
suspicion,  and  suspicion  breeds  discord. 

It  is  l»etter  for  us  to  have  hut  fifty  true  co-opera tors  who  un- 
derstand our  principles  and  can  work  together  in  harmony  and 
unity,  than  to  have  a  thousand  whose  heart*  are  not  in  the  work. 
It  is  not  simply  men  and  women  we  need,  it  is  not  laborers  alone 
that  we  need;  we  want  Brother** ;  nd  sisters  who  understand  and 
lielieve  in  justice  and  emiity,  and  are  willing  to  work  not  alone 
for  themselves  nor  for  money,  hue  for  humanity. 

The  greater  part  of  our  trouble  and  mo^t  of  our  discourage- 
ment* have  been  caused  by  those  who  did  not  understand  our 
prinei}»les  and  who  had  an  imperfect  idea  of  our  surroundings 
before  coming  to  the  colony. 

Men  and  women  who  did  not  know  the.  difference  l)etwecn 
co-operation  and  competition  have  rushed  in  blindly  and  con- 
trary to  all  advice. 

Some  who  were,  evidently,  no  use  any  where  else  have  taken 
our  colony  for  an  eleemosynary  institution,  mistaking  co-opera- 
tion for  charity. 

Some  come  apparently  imbued  with  the  idea  that  The  Credit 
Foncier  Company  is  a  wealthy  vorjx>ration  whose  only  object  is 
to  deal  out  supplies  to  all  who  are  willing  to  come  here  and  get 
them.  Some,  and  does  it  not  seem  incredi table,  come  hen?  as 
members  of  The  Credit  Foncier  Company  pledged  to  assist  in 
building  up  the  organization  and  carrying  out  our  principles, 
bring  through  their  goods  under  the  terms  of  our  concessions, 
come  here  to  share  the  property  and  advantage**  earned  by  years 
of  labor  and  thousands  of  dollars  of  capital  put  in  by  Mr.  Owen 
and  his  co-laborers;  come  here  under  these  circumstances  and 
then  when  asked  to  do  some  work  for  the  company  refuse  to  trurk 
for  credit*.  And  why  this  refusal?  Because  they  claim  the 
credits  have* no  commercial  value;  because  they  cannot  take  the 
credits  to  the  Mexican  towns  and  with  them  buy  Mexican  j^oods. 
There  are  others  who  come  here  and  work  just  enough  to  pay 
their  expenses,  spending  the  rest  of  their  time  visiting  at  the 
different  camps,  or  lounging  about. 

When  any  company  goods  are  to  l>e  distributed  or  favors  are 
to  be  granted,  these  people  are  always  the  first  to  forge  to  the 
front  and  receive  their  share. 


Mbrary  of  Congress* 


•;.  73 

It  is  claques  of  |M>nple  like  the*   that   tend   lo  makr  .,,-,,|M... 
tora  weary,  and  it  is  from  th<>e  .hi***  of  mm  aid  *omcn  thai 
we  hear  that  the  credits   are   worthless,    thai    co-o|>cration  in   ;i 
failure,  that  The  Credit  Foncier  <  'ompany  in  bankrupt,   tliat  tin- 
leaders  are  frauds,  and  that  the  directors  an*  inc<>ni|»etciit. 

It  was  little  things  like  these  that,  during  the  first  t.  \v  months 
aft«T  m y  arrival,  math'  me  somewhat  discouraged.  I  wan  pre- 
pared for  pioneering.  I  knew  what  to  expin-t  in  that  line  and 
was  prepared  to  meet  it,  hut  I  v  UK  Hurprintnl,  and  8<>r»'ly  disap- 
pointed to  mec»t  even  one  such  p«  -rHon  aa  I  have  descried.  ( )f  all 
places  In  the  world,  why,  oh  v  hy,  should  such  p^rHons  como 
toSinalua?  Or  if  they  muni  come  why  don't  they  l«»t  ua  get  on 
our  ft»et  before  they  try  to  pull  us  down? 

It  was  during  these  first  few  months,  Charley,  that  I  wrote 
you  not  to  comedown  hero  for  the  present. 

It  was  not  that  I  douhted  the  final  success  of  the  movement, 
hut  1  saw  tlmt  a  small  band  of  j>eople  who  were  true  co-oj>crat<»rs 
would  have  to  carry  this  movement  and  not  only  overcome  all 
the  obstacles  una voidable  in  pioneering  in  a  new  and  foreign 
country,  but  at  the  same  time  overcome  a  discordant  element 
that  was  undermining  the  colony.  The  hardest  things  we  have 
had  to  con  tend  with,  an  -I  the  most  dangerous  withal,  are  those 
malcontents — people  who  never  ought  to  have  come  to  the  colony. 
They  are  "kickers"  all  the  time  they  are  with  us  and  misrepre- 
sent us  when  they  leave  us. 

A  number  of  nice  people  who  would  otherwise  have  made 
good  colonists  have  been  turned  against  us  by  these  insidious 
croakers,  or  have  become  discouraged  at  the  prospects  in  a  colony 
Unit  seemed  divided,  and  have  gone  back  into  competition,  sig- 
nitiying  their  willingness  to  return  when  the  colony  shall  have 
been  an  assured  success. 

Perhaps  these  few  remarks  will  show  you  some  of  the  dis- 
couragements that  have  beset  us  that  many  of  us  did  not  antici- 
pate, and  which  were  therefore  harder  to  l>ear. 

I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  say  that  the  discordant  element  is 
rapidly  diminishing,  and  with  the  end  of  the  Fund  work  ujnm 
the  ditch  I  think  they  \v1ll  almost  entirely  disapi>ear.  Mr.  Owen 
talked  very  plain  to  us  when  he  was  here,  and  it  has  had  a  salu- 
Ury  effect.  When  the  Fund  work  ends  there  will  l>e  but  one 


company  to  work  for,and  that  will  be  The  Credit  Fonder  Company 
There  will  be  but  one  medium  of  payment,  ami  that  will  he 
"ci  edits." 

There  will  be  no  neutral  ground.  Thoso  who  are  not  for  us 
are  against  us,  and  thono  who  are  against  im  will  not  find  it  to 
tl.rir  interest  to  remain.  I  think  a  majority  of  them  are  already 
tfom>  and  there  are  more  to  follow. 

J.  ('.  UKRRINO. 


Library  of  (Congress 
Owen.  PaoilHc  City. 


